液氢安全研究现状

Status quo of liquid hydrogen safety research

氢能具有清洁、储量丰富、燃烧热值高、可再生等特点,在当前能源短缺和“双碳”大背景下其重要性日益凸显。液氢安全问题是影响液氢推广应用的重要因素,为此,总结了近年来世界范围内关于液氢安全方面的研究成果,从低温、泄漏、燃烧3个方面阐述液氢的危险性,介绍实验和数值模拟的液氢泄漏扩散规律研究成果,概述了液氢安全防护措施的最新研究进展。总体来说,目前对于液氢的危险性已经有了充分的认识,但仍需进一步研究液氢泄漏扩散规律;液氢泄漏扩散的实验数据太少,相关的数值模拟仍面临许多难点;对于液氢的储存、运输、应用等各环节的安全性要求尚缺乏全面的标准和法规。

As renewable energy with no pollution but wide sources and high calorific value,hydrogen becomes in⁃creasingly important in the context of energy shortage and dual carbon goals.The safety of liquid hydrogen is an im⁃portant factor impeding its application.In this regard,the research results of worldwide liquid hydrogen safety in re⁃cent years are summarized.The hazards of liquid hydrogen are discussed in view of its low temperature,leakage,and combustion.The research results of the liquid hydrogen leakage and dispersion law from experimental and nu⁃merical simulations are introduced.The latest research progress of liquid hydrogen safety protection measures is out⁃lined.Overall,the hazards of liquid hydrogen have now been fully understood,but liquid hydrogen leakage and dis⁃persion laws must be further studied.There are few experimental data on liquid hydrogen leakage and dispersion,and the related numerical simulations still face many difficulties.No comprehensive standards,laws,and regula⁃tions are yet formulated for the safety requirements of liquid hydrogen storage,transportation and application.