酸性鞘磷脂酶和铁死亡在乳腺癌中的研究进展

Progress of acid sphingomyelinase and ferroptosis in breast cancer

女性乳腺癌发病率已经超过肺癌成为最常见的恶性肿瘤,2020年的数据显示女性乳腺癌发病人数230万,占癌症新发病例的11.7%[1]。乳腺癌的高发病率导致其全球负担越来越严峻,乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率在发展中国家呈快速上升趋势[2]。乳腺癌疾病负担及其次生社会问题急待解决,尤其在年轻乳腺癌患者中尤为突出。年轻乳腺癌患者(年龄<40岁)需面对如生育、生殖器官功能的保留等特定的社会问题。加之年轻乳腺癌患者有不同的风险因素、临床特点及肿瘤生物学特征[3].

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and the main cancer causing death in females.Breast cancer therefore seriously threatens women's health and life span.Although there are a variety of compre⁃hensive and multidisciplinary treatments for different types of breast cancer,the overall prognosis of advanced breast can⁃cer remains unsatisfactory.The incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year,and the age of onset is gradually de⁃creasing,making the discovery of a breakthrough in breast cancer treatment a major problem that needs to be solved urgent⁃ly.A large number of studies have shown the growth of breast cancer cells can be inhibited by inducing ferroptosis.Acid sphingomyelinase has also been confirmed to be involved in cell death induced by ferroptotic agonists.This article reviews the progress in the use of acid sphingomyelinase and ferroptosis in the treatment of breast cancer,and summarizes the mechanism of ferroptosis in breast cancer cells and its correlation with acid sphingomyelinase.This review will provide a theoretical foundation for seeking new therapeutic targets for breast cancer.