金代医家张子和医学地位变迁与攻邪论学术史研究

Research on the Change of Physician Zhang Zihe's Academic Status in the Field of Medicine in Jin Dynasty and the Academic History of Purgation Theory

金代医家张子和,精通汗、吐、下三法,开创攻邪派。在中国医学史上,张子和与刘完素、李东垣、朱丹溪并称为中医“金元四大家”。实际上,在历代有关中医“四大家”的历史书写演变历程中,张子和的医家地位并非一成不变,而是经历医学地位变迁的三个不同阶段。其医家地位变化脉络可概括为:医名盛于金元,淡于明清,名归于近代。在中医学术发展史上,自明代以及降,攻邪论逐渐淡出中医主流学术范畴,其学术传承脉络出现明显的断层现象。到了近现代,尽管张子和的医家地位重新回归中医“金元四大家”之列,但是攻邪论实际影响力仍旧式微。

Zhang Zihe,a Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)physician from the Jin Dynasty,was proficient in treating diseases with the therapeutic method of sweating,emetic and purgation.He created the school of purgation.In the history of Chinese medicine,Zhang zihe,Liu Wansu,Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi were called the Four Great Medical Schools in Jin and Yuan Dynasties.In fact,in the writing history of the Four Great Masters of TCM in the past dynasties,Zhang Zihe's status was not immutable,but went through three different stages of transformation.His reputation reached its peak in Jin and Yuan Dynasties,but gradually faded in Ming and Qing Dynasties,and rose to fame again in modern times.Moreover,in the history of the academic development of TCM,the theory of purgation gradually faded out of the TCM mainstream since the Ming Dynasty,and there was an obvious fault in the context of academic inheritance.By modern times,although Zhang Zihe's status has returned to the list of the Four Great Medical Schools of TCM in Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the actual influence of the theory of purgation is still declining.