赋权、共情与主体性:作为微型民族志的叙事医学

Empowerment,Empathy,and Subjectivity:The Study of Narrative Medicine in Mini Ethnography

基于对生物医学的批判,疾病叙事转向抓住第一人称的痛苦体验,是为病人赋权的主体性回归过程,成为一种批判性与补充性研究方法。叙事医学促使医务人员达成共情,深入理解病人的生理与社会苦痛,创造医患对话空间。然而,这些叙事局限于医患之间普适性单向互动表达。微型民族志作为叙事医学新范式,是资料收集、赋权、共情、治疗为一体的研究范式,将阿尔茨海默病老人的主体性互动研究作为微型民族志的典型案例,为完善中国叙事医学理论与方法带来更多启示。

Based on the critique of biomedicine,the shift of illness narratives to capture the first-person experience of suffering is a process of patient empowerment as a subjectivity return,which becomes a critical and complementary research method.The empathy-based narrative medicine was popularized as a way for doctors to better experience and understand their patients'physical and social suffering,as well as to provide a space for doctor-patient dialogue.However,these narratives are limited to merely general one-way interactive expressions.This paper proposes the mini ethnography,as a new paradigm of narrative medicine,is a research paradigm integrating data collection,empowerment,empathy,and healing.Taking the subjective interaction study of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease as a typical case of mini ethnography,this study brings more enlightenment to improve the theory and method of Chinese narrative medicine.