基于有限元仿真技术的轨道车辆锥形弹簧的结构优化研究

Structural Optimization of Conical Spring of Rail Vehicle Based on Finite Element Simulation Technology

基于有限元仿真技术,对轨道车辆某型号锥形弹簧(以下简称锥形弹簧)的结构进行优化研究。结果表明:Ogden 4阶超弹本构模型分析精度较高,能很好地反映锥形弹簧的橡胶材料的大应变特性;与采用勾形橡胶型面的锥形弹簧相比,采用流线形橡胶型面的锥形弹簧可以避免其橡胶型面出现褶皱现象,消除应力集中点,延长锥形弹簧的疲劳寿命;采用喇叭口式隔板的锥形弹簧,可通过改变喇叭口半径大小灵活实现垂向刚度与横向刚度匹配,从而延长锥形弹簧的疲劳寿命。本研究为锥形弹簧的结构优化提供了新思路。

Based on finite element simulation technology,the structure optimization of a conical spring of rail vehicles(hereinafter referred to as conical spring)was carried out.The results showed that Ogden four-order hyperelastic constitutive model had a high analysis accuracy and could well reflect the large strain characteristics of the rubber material of the conical spring.Compared with the conical spring with hook rubber profile,the conical spring with streamlined profile could prevent the wrinkling of the rubber profile,eliminate the stress concentration points,and extend the fatigue life of the conical spring.The conical spring with bell type diaphragm could flexibly match the vertical stiffness and transverse stiffness by changing the radius of the bell,thus extending the fatigue life of the conical spring.This study provided a new idea for the structure optimization of the conical springs.