水稻致死突变体基因克隆与分子机制研究进展

Research progress in gene cloning and molecular mechanism of rice lethal mutants

水稻致死突变体主要有叶片白化致死突变体和叶片早衰致死突变体2大类,这2类突变体相关基因的克隆和功能分析对于解析水稻白化致死和早衰致死具有重要意义,主要涉及光合色素的合成与降解、叶绿体发育与调控、蛋白质的合成与降解、激素合成与调控途径、细胞程序性死亡与转录因子调控等相关基因。本文综述了水稻致死突变基因的克隆与分子机制,并分析了它们的育种价值;并提出在阐明水稻衰老调控机制的基础上,从分子水平和栽培技术上设计调控水稻衰老的策略,发掘其育种和生产价值。

Rice lethal mutants mainly include leaf-color mutants and early senescence mutants.The cloning and functional analysis of related genes of these two mutants are of great significance for the analysis of rice lethal albinism and early senescence,they are mainly involved in the synthesis and degradation of photosynthetic pigments,chloroplast-related pathways,protein synthesis and degradation,hormone pathways,programmed cell death and transcription factor pathways.In this work,the cloning and molecular mechanism of rice lethal mutation genes were summarized,and their breeding value was analyzed.On the basis of elucidating the mechanism behind rice senescence regulation,the strategies of its molecular and cultivation regulation practices should be designed to explore its breeding potential.