财政分权下地方政府债务治理的路径选择与制度构建

Path Choice and System Construction of Local Government Debt Governance under Fiscal Decentralization

财政分权是地方政府债务的逻辑起点。只有财政分权体制下,才可能存在地方政府债务问题。财政分权及其决定的分权式治理,构成了地方政府债务治理的基本路径,决定了财政分权作为债务治理的制度根基地位,以及分权式治理作为债务治理的制度主体地位。夯实债务治理的制度根基,应当实现地方事权配置的合理化、法治化,重构地方税体系和地方税权,优化财政转移支付制度,并且积极推进政府投资的法治化。确立分权式治理,应从基于举债权控制的权力配置、以债权人为主体的市场约束,以及以纳税人为主体的民主监督三个方面,构建分权式的地方政府债务治理制度。

Fiscal decentralization is the logical starting point of local government debt.Only under the fiscal decentralization system,can there be the problem of local government debt.Fiscal decentralization and decentralized governance determined by fiscal decentralization constitute the basic path of local government debt governance,the institutional foundation status of fiscal decentralization as debt governance and the institutional subject status of decentralized governance as debt governance.To consolidate the institutional foundation of debt governance,we should realize the rationalization and legalization of the allocation of local government responsibilities,reconstruct the local tax system and local tax power,optimize the financial transfer payment system,and actively promote the legalization of government investment.To establish decentralized governance,we should build a decentralized local government debt governance system from three aspects,namely power allocation based on debt control,market constraints with creditors as the main body,and democratic supervision with taxpayers as the main body.