近30年我国儿童青少年体力活动相关因素研究的特征分析

A Feature Analysis of Research on Correlates of Physical Activities of Children and Adolescents in China over the Past Three Decades

目的:分析1994年以来儿童青少年体力活动相关因素领域研究的基本特征,评价文献方法学质量。方法:经计算机检索、文献审查和增补等,以中文核心期刊上的94篇相关文献为分析对象,对文献的时间特征、类型特征、抽样方法、样本规模、样本来源区域、体力活动类型、测量工具及其质量、统计方法等进行描述性综述分析。结果:儿童青少年体力活动与各类相关因素研究在内容上呈现结构化的锻炼类体力活动多、日常体力活动研究较少的特点;在研究类型上以现状调查类和相关分析类研究多;相关分析类在方法设计上主要采用复杂抽样技术,抽样区域不均衡,部分使用调查问卷作为测量工具的研究在问卷的信效度检验环节不规范,在数据的统计分析中主要采用单变量的统计方法,采用复杂多元的统计方法较少。结论:儿童青少年体力活动相关因素研究已经成为当前和今后最为重要的研究内容之一;该领域在研究深度和广度上需要继续拓展,具体研究设计和方法质量控制应进一步丰富和提高。

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to analyze the basic characteristics of research on physical activity(PA)related factors in children and adolescents since 1994,and evaluate the quality of literature methodology.METHODS:94 studies published in Chinese core journals between 1994 and 2021 were retrieved from three databases,and characteristics of research type,sampling methods,sample size,sample source area,PA types,measurement tools,quality and statistical methods of the literature were described and analyzed.RESULTS:There were more studies on structured PA but fewer on daily PA of children and adolescents and related factors.Most of the studies are current situation investigations and related analyses.In these related analyses,complex sampling technology was adopted mostly,yet sampling regions were uneven and some studies that used questionnaires as a measuring tool did not have standardized reliability and validity testing of the questionnaires.Single variable statistical method was generally employed,with just a few statistical analyses used complex multivariate statistical method.CONCLUSION:The study of PA related factors of children and adolescents has become one of the most important research contents today and in the future.Deeper and wider research in this field and more research designs and improved method quality control are needed.