社会性别学视角下北京体育大学女子篮球发展现状及对策研究

A Study on the Current Status and Strategies of Women’s Basketball Development in Beijing Sport University from the Perspective of Social Gender

体育参与中的性别失衡问题历来是国内外学者关注的焦点问题。本文基于社会性别理论,采用数理统计软件SPSS26.0对158名北京体育大学女学生进行问卷调研,旨在探讨不同学科类型、不同参与情况、不同运动等级的被试者在性别角色类型中的差异。研究结果显示:参与篮球运动的女性群体中男性化或双向化倾向较多;运动级别越高,性别角色冲突越明显。通过访谈发现篮球运动中具有男性化、双性化倾向的女生平常还会参与强对抗、大负荷、能展示身体力量之美的运动。相反,一些女性气质较高的女生则会受到性别刻板印象、社会舆论的压力等,长期从事具有女性气质的体育项目。因此,提高女子篮球参与度、消除女性参与体育的性别顾虑、推动两性在体育中的平等参与非常重要。

Gender imbalance in sports participation has always been the focus of scholars at home and abroad.Based on gender theory,this study employed mathematical statistics software SPSS26.0 to conduct a questionnaire survey on 158 subjects from Beijing Sport University,aiming to explore the differences in gender role types among subjects in different disciplines,in different participation situations and at different sports levels.The results reveal that among the female students who participate in basketball,more have masculine or androgynous gender traits;The higher the sport level,the more obvious the gender role conflict.Through the interviews,it was found that in addition to basketball,female students who have masculine or androgynous gender traits usually participate in other highly competitive sports which require heavy-load of exercise and physical strength.On the contrary,some female students with high femininity are more prone to feel the pressure of gender stereotype and public opinions and thus long engage in sports with more femininity.Therefore,for higher basketball participation of the women,it is very important to eliminate women’s gender concerns in sports participation and to promote equal participation of both genders in sports.