“人类世”与“资本世”之争的演变趋向及其现代化审视

The Evolution Trend over the“Anthropocene-Capitalocene”Debate and its Modernization Inspection

对于当代全球气候危机的成因及其对策,保罗·克鲁岑提出了著名的“人类世”假说,主张以气候工程应对,引起学术界的广泛争议,其中以马尔姆、摩尔等人的“资本世”与其“人类世”之争影响最大。自历史学家查克拉巴蒂从大历史的视角对于这场争论进行反思之后,学术界逐渐走上了如何走出“人类世”危机、建设后人类世的探索道路,哈拉维、拉伍洛克、斯蒂格勒等人的各种后人类世假说应运而生,生态现代主义、生态非现代主义等学派从不同路径进行了探索。值得注意的是,随着脑机接口技术、人类增强技术以及GPT-4等生成式人工智能的出现与发展,“人类世”的生态危机可能为智能机器人的“替代危机”所取代,为此社会各界忧心忡忡。对此,人类必须转换思路,摆脱具有西方中心主义特征的经典现代化,走人与自然(包括智能机器人)和谐共生的现代化道路,才有可能迎接光明的未来。

With regards to the causes and countermeasures of globalized climate crisis,Paul Crutzen proposed his famous Anthropocene Hypothesis,advocating climate engineering to be the solution.This has caused extensive controversy in the academia,where the controversy between“Capitalocene”and“Anthropocene”put forward mostly by Malm and Moore exerts the greatest impact.Since the historian Chakrabarty’s reflection on this debate from the grand historical perspective,the academia has gradually embarked on the route exploration as how to get rid of the“Anthropocene”crisis and to build a“post-Anthropocene”world.Various post-Anthropocene hypotheses have duly emerged,such as those made by Haraway,Lovelock,Stiegler and others,together with explorations conducted by other schools,including eco-modernism,ecological non-modernism and so on.It is worth noting that with the emergence and development of Brain Computer Interface,Human Enhancement,GPT-4 and other generative artificial intelligence,the“Anthropocene”ecological crisis may be replaced by the“substitution crisis”of intelligent robots,which triggers worries at all social levels.In this regard,human beings must adjust their thinking modes,break away from the classic modernization characterized by Western centrism.We must also embark on the modernization routes with a harmonious coexistence between mankind,nature,and intelligent machines,in order to embrace a bright future.