四川省育成小麦品种和高代品系对条锈病的抗病性评价

Disease resistance evaluation of wheat commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines developed in Sichuan to stripe rust

四川省不仅是条锈菌冬繁区,也是我国东部麦区重要的春季初侵染菌源地和毒性变异地。准确评价四川小麦新育成品种和高代品系对条锈病的抗性水平,能为合理培育和使用抗病品种提供重要依据。利用当前条锈菌优势小种和4个地点的成株期鉴定圃对来自四川省的115份小麦育成品种和299份高代品系进行苗期和成株期抗病性鉴定。结果表明,新育成品种苗期对优势小种的高抗CYR32、CYR33和CYR34的比例发生不同程度的变化,对CYR32的高抗比例为40.9%、对CYR34的高抗比例为17.4%,而供试高代品系高抗比例从52.3%降至46.2%;中抗类型育成品种从20.0%增加到40.9%,高代品系从19.6%增加至33.2%。表明条锈菌优势小种更替后一些材料仍保留了部分抗性,后期选育的高代品系兼顾对新小种的抗病性。育成品种在四川成都和甘肃清水成株期鉴定,高抗品种所占比例较低,分别为13.9%和3.5%,但高代品系高抗类型比例较高,分别为42.2%和8.5%,表明甘肃和四川条锈菌的致病类型和发病环境条件存在较大差异,近年来四川小麦成株抗条锈病育种取得显著进展。

There is an overwintering region in Sichuan province for the pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),which also serves as an important spring Pst inoculum source of the East wheat area and virulence variation center.Through accurate evaluation of disease resistance of commercial wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines developed in Sichuan,valuable data will be presented for rational development and deployment of resistant wheat cultivars to stripe rust.Resistance of 115 commercial cultivars and 299 high breeding lines inoculated with three predominant Pst races at seedling stage and adult stage was evaluated in four field nurseries.The results showed that there were different proportions of highly resistant types among commercial cultivars at seedling stage to the predominant races CYR32,CYR33,and CYR34.The high resistance proportion to CYR32 was 40.9%and 17.4%to CYR34,while among advanced breeding lines,highly resistant type proportions reduced from 52.3%to 46.2%.The percentages of the moderately resistant type of commercial cultivars increased from 20.0%to 40.9%,while 19.6%up to 33.2%for the advanced breeding lines.The results indicated that some of the materials remained partial resistance after the predominant races shifted,and later the resistance to the emergence of the new races was integrated into advanced breeding lines.The highly resistant cultivars at the adult-plant stage accounted for a relative low percentage in the field nurseries at Chengdu,Sichuan(13.9%)and Qingshui,Gansu(3.5%),but 42.2%and 8.5%of advanced breeding lines at the two locations,showing the great differences in the pathotypes and environmental conditions for pathogen infection between Gansu and Sichuan.In recent years,significant progresses have been made in wheat adult-plant stripe rust resistance breeding in Sichuan.