防治葡萄溃疡病的杀菌剂筛选与评价

Screening and evaluation of fungicides for controlling grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback

采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了7种杀菌剂对可可毛色二孢CSS-01s的室内生物活性,筛选出3种抑制效果较好的杀菌剂;通过对离体葡萄绿枝条及盆栽葡萄幼苗新梢进行人工接种病原菌,进一步评价杀菌剂的防治效果。结果表明,7种杀菌剂对可可毛色二孢菌丝生长和孢子萌发表现出不同的抑制活性,其中戊唑醇、氯氟醚菌唑、啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺对菌丝生长的抑制作用较强,EC_(50)分别为0.116、0.137、0.109μg/mL和0.119μg/mL;戊唑醇、氯氟醚菌唑、氟啶胺对孢子萌发的抑制作用较强,EC_(50)分别为0.420、0.595μg/mL和1.885μg/mL。CSS-01s接种离体葡萄绿枝条试验中,戊唑醇100、200 mg/L,氯氟醚菌唑100、300 mg/L和氟啶胺100、200 mg/L的防治效果无显著差异,在57.81%~65.31%;CSS-01s接种葡萄幼苗新梢试验中,氟啶胺200 mg/L的防治效果最好,为77.56%,与氟啶胺100 mg/L、氯氟醚菌唑100、300 mg/L和戊唑醇200 mg/L之间无显著差异,但显著高于戊唑醇100 mg/L。研究结果显示,氯氟醚菌唑、戊唑醇和氟啶胺可以作为推荐杀菌剂,经进一步的田间药效评价用于葡萄溃疡病的防治。

Inhibitory activities of seven fungicides to Lasiodiplodia theobromae were determined using the mycelial growth and conidia germination methods.Three fungicides with high inhibitory effect were screened out,including tebuconazole,mefentrifluconazole and fluazinam.Control efficacy was further evaluated by CSS-01s inoculation in vitro grape green shoot and seedling branch.The results showed that all the seven fungicides presented different inhibitory activity against both mycelial growth and conidia germination.For the mycelial growth,the highest inhibitions were found in the cases with tebuconazole,mefentrifluconazole,boscalid,and fluazinam,with EC_(50) values of 0.116,0.137,0.109,and 0.119μg/mL,respectively.For the conidia germination,the highest inhibitions were found in the cases with tebuconazole,mefentrifluconazole and fluazinam,with EC_(50) values of 0.420,0.595 and 1.885μg/mL,respectively.For the CSS-01s inoculation in vitro grape green shoot,control efficacies of tebuconazole(100,200 mg/L),mefentrifluconazole(100,300 mg/L),and fluazinam(100,200 mg/L)were no significantly different,and in the range of 57.81%-65.31%.For the CSS-01s inoculation seedling branch,the highest control efficacy of fluazinam(200 mg/L)was 77.56%,had no significant difference with that of fluazinam(100 mg/L),mefentrifluconazole(100,300 mg/L),and tebuconazole(200 mg/L),but significantly higher than that of tebuconazole(100 mg/L).The above results indicated that tebuconazole,mefentrifluconazole,and fluazinam could be recommended as fungicides for prevention and control of grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback after further evaluation of field efficacy.