城市辖区机场巴士站点需求度评价及选址方法

Demand Degree Evaluation and Site Selection Method of Airport Bus Stops in Urban Area

为实现机场巴士站点在城区的布局与区域民航出行需求相匹配的目标,进而提升机场巴士客流分担率,提出符合航空旅客需求分布特点的机场巴士站点规划方法。首先,构建机场巴士站点需求度的多维评价指标体系,通过各辖区往返机场的出租汽车需求、区域规划、区域人口分布和经济情况四方面直接或间接反映城市辖区航空出行需求,并采用熵权法改进灰色关联理论量化城市各辖区机场巴士站点需求度;然后提出机场巴士站点选址方法,为弥补传统选址模型选址结果可能出现的不均匀性,利用k-medoids聚类算法对各辖区内部进行划分,在此基础上构建旅客往返机场需求点覆盖最大化的选址模型,并采用改进禁忌搜索算法求解。最后,以南京市为例,计算部分城市辖区的机场巴士需求度,进一步以鼓楼区为例进行机场巴士站点选址优化,并与其当前机场巴士站点布局进行对比。结果表明,采用上述选址方法重新规划的机场巴士站点的交通需求发生点覆盖率有显著提升,平均每个机场巴士站点需求点覆盖数比优化前提高了约84%;在可接受的步行接驳范围内,旅客到站点的平均接驳距离缩短了约155m,平均接驳时间减少了约2.3min。选址结果可使机场巴士站点能最大化覆盖往返机场出租汽车需求点及现有机场巴士站点客流,从而促进公共交通出行,缓解机场陆侧交通拥堵。

In order to make the layout of airport bus stops in urban area match the regional air travel demand,and improve the passenger flow sharing rate of airport bus,a planning method for airport bus stops that conforms to the distribution characteristics of air passenger demand was proposed.Firstly,a multidimensional evaluation index system for the demand degree of airport bus stops was built,reflecting the air travel demand of each urban jurisdiction from aspects of the travel demand of taxis to and from airport,regional planning,regional population distribution and economic conditions,and entropy weight method was used to improve the gray correlation theory to quantify the demand degree of airport bus stops in various urban jurisdictions.Then,a airport bus stop site selection method was proposed.To avoid the uneven distribution of the selected airport bus stop sites resulted from traditional site selection models,the k-medoids clustering algorithm was used to divide each district internally.On this basis,a site selection model maximizing the coverage of passenger demand points to and from the airport was constructed and solved using an improved Tabu search algorithm.Finally,taking Nanjing city as an example,the airport bus demand degree of some urban districts were quantified.Furthermore,the location optimization of airport bus stops in Gulou District was carried out,and compared with the current layout of airport bus stops.The results showed that the coverage rate of traffic demand occurrence points for airport bus stops re-planned by this paper′s method was significantly improved,with the average coverage of demand points by each airport bus stop increasing by about 84%compared to the pre-optimization period.The average distance to the station was reduced by 155m and the average connection time was reduced by 2.3min within an acceptable walking distance.The site selection results allow the airport bus stops to maximize the coverage of demand points for taxi to and from the airport as well as the existing airport bus stop passenger flow,thereby promoting public transportation and alleviating airport landside traffic congestion.