基于RS的新疆塔里木盆地土地利用及驱动因素研究

RS-based Study of Land Use and Drivers in Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

以塔里木盆地为研究区域,探究土地利用时空演变格局及其驱动因素,结合1990—2020年塔里木盆地土地利用数据、气象数据及社会经济数据,分析各土地利用类型之间相互转化规律,探究气候变化与人类活动对土地利用变化的作用。结果表明,塔里木盆地的土地利用转化频繁,耕地面积明显增长,共增加了181.37×10^(4)hm^(2),而草地面积呈现出退化态势,共减少了188.43×10^(4)hm^(2),增加的耕地主要由草地转化而来,草地和耕地动态度分别为-0.21%、2.384%,说明气温升高、降水量增长减小及人类活动强度加大三者产生空间协同作用,使得草地大面积缩减以至于逐步退化,而耕地面积有所扩大,使得人地关系矛盾愈加突出,生态环境较为脆弱,影响了塔里木盆地的生态环境改善及资源的可持续发展。期望此研究结果能为研究区土地资源的有序利用与合理开发提供科学依据。

The study explores the spatial-temporal evolution pattern of land use and its driving factors through taking Tarim basin as the research target;analyzes the law of mutual transformation among land utilization types based on land use data,meteorological data and socio-economic data of Tarim Basin from 1990 to 2020;and explores the effect of climate change and human activities on land use transformation.The results show that the land use of the Tarim Basin changes significantly,the area of cultivated land increases significantly,while the grassland area shows a degrading trend.The cultivated land area increases by 181.37×10^(4)hm^(2),and the grassland area decreases by 188.43×10^(4)hm^(2).The increased cultivated land is mainly transformed from grassland,and the grassland and cultivated land dynamics are-0.21%and 2.384%,respectively.Temperature,precipitation and population are the factors that mainly affect the land use change.The increase in temperature,the decline in precipitation and the increase in the intensity of human activities produce spatial synergy,which makes the grassland shrink in a large area and gradually degrade.But the cultivated land area has expanded,resulting in the deeper and deeper contradiction between man and land,and a more fragile ecological environment,which seriously threatens the improvement of the ecological environment and the stable and sustainable development of resources in Tarim Basin.This provides provide scientific basis for orderly utilization and rational development of land resources in the study area.