起重机轨道测量方法和技术发展

Measurement method and technical development of crane rail

传统的起重机轨道测量存在精度低、劳动强度高、安全性较差等缺陷,近年来国内外有很多学者及检验机构针对这一问题展开了深入研究,提出了各种方案,并研制了相应的起重机轨道测量装置,有力推动了轨道测量技术的发展。文中选取几种典型的起重机轨道测量装置及相关技术进行了探讨,分别阐述了基于全站仪及激光准直系统的测量装置和原理,对不同类型测量装置的特点进行了对比分析。在轨道测量相关技术中,介绍了基于机器视觉的架构式轨道检测系统及基于Bertrand模型的图像亚像素边缘定位算法。在上述基础上提出了以激光准直测量平台为基础,结合光斑中心定位及轨道轮廓规划的方案,克服测量小车行走姿势影响测量精度的缺点,避免了小车防侧翻等机构的设计及复杂调试,并有效提高了轨道的测量精度。

Traditional crane rail measurement methods have some shortcomings,such as low accuracy,high labor intensity and poor safety.In recent years,many scholars and institutions at home and abroad have conducted in-depth research on the above problems,put forward various schemes,and developed crane rail measurement devices,which have effectively promoted the development of rail measurement technology.Several typical crane rail measuring devices and related technologies were selected and discussed.The measuring devices and principles based on total station and laser collimation system were introduced respectively,and the characteristics of different types of measuring devices were compared and analyzed.In the related technologies of rail measurement,the architecture rail detection system based on machine vision and the image sub-pixel edge location algorithm based on Bertrand model were explained.Based on this,a plan based on laser collimation measurement platform,combined with spot center positioning and rail outline planning,was proposed to overcome the shortcomings of measuring the walking posture of the trolley,avoid the design and complicated debugging of the rollover prevention mechanism of the trolley,and effectively improve the rail measurement accuracy.