交通基础设施、信息基础设施对要素错配的影响——兼论产业集聚与要素市场化的调节作用

Impact of Transportation Infrastructure and Information Infrastructure on Factor Mismatch:On Regulatory Role of Industrial Agglomeration and Factor Marketization

交通及信息基础设施建设是加快形成全国统一大市场、筑牢构建新发展格局的重要支撑。将交通基础设施、信息基础设施两类基础设施以及产业集聚、要素市场化同时纳入要素错配分析框架,基于中国除西藏、港澳台地区之外的2005~2020年30个省级面板数据,通过理论分析与实证检验相结合,讨论交通及信息基础设施对资本、劳动力要素错配的影响,以及制造业集聚、生产性服务业集聚、制造业-生产性服务业协同集聚等产业集聚和要素市场化,在上述影响中的调节作用。主要结论如下:交通及信息基础设施均在不同程度上矫正了中国的资本错配和劳动力错配,比较而言,两类基础设施对劳动力错配的矫正作用均更为明显。异质性检验表明:交通及信息基础设施对要素错配的矫正作用,主要存在于中国南方地区或要素配置过度地区,而在北方地区或要素配置不足地区不显著;制造业集聚、生产性服务业集聚、制造业-生产性服务业协同集聚等产业集聚以及要素市场化,均在两类基础设施对要素错配的矫正作用中发挥出正向调节作用。

The construction of transportation and information infrastructure is an important support for accelerating the formation of a unified national market and building a new development pattern.This paper attempts to integrate two types of infrastructure,industrial agglomeration and factor marketization such as transportation infrastructure and information infrastructure into the factor mismatch analysis framework,based on the data of 30 provincial panels in China from 2005 to 2020 except Tibet,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan,through the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical testing,to discuss the impact of transportation and information infrastructure on the mismatch of capital and labor factors,as well as the regulatory role of manufacturing agglomeration,productive service industry agglomeration,industrial agglomeration,and factor marketization such as manufacturing-productive service industry synergy agglomeration in the above-mentioned impacts.The main conclusions are as follows:both transportation and information infrastructure have corrected China’s capital mismatch and labor mismatch to varying degrees,and the correction effect of both types of infrastructure on labor mismatch is more obvious.The heterogeneity tests show that the corrective effect of transportation and information infrastructure on factor mismatch is mainly present in southern China or areas with excessive factor allocation,but is not significant in northern China or areas with insufficient factor allocation.Industrial agglomerations such as manufacturing agglomeration,productive service agglomeration,manufacturing-productive service industry collaborative agglomeration,and factor marketization play a positive regulatory role in the correction of factor mismatch between the two types of infrastructure.