论平台经济领域反垄断的恢复性救济

The Restorative Remedy of Anti-monopoly in the Field of Platform Economy

加强和改进平台经济领域反垄断,应当统筹垄断行为的认定和救济的制定实施,重视恢复性救济,直击责任主体在规模、范围、网络、数据等方面的不当垄断优势,消除垄断行为对竞争的不利影响,重置有效的市场竞争条件。恢复性救济既可以采取责令停止违法行为、非歧视义务、数据隔离义务、数据共享义务、互操作义务、强制结构性分离等传统措施,也可以采取要求算法共享、责令暂时停业、补贴竞争对手、促进个人数据可携权行使等新型措施。尽管面临反事实状态难于阐述、进入壁垒不易确定、市场可竞争性存疑、时度效不易把握等潜在挑战,反垄断执法机构应遵循有效性、必要性、及时性、可管理性等原则和方略,统筹救济制定、实施、监督、矫正和保障,以充分实现反垄断执法的价值。

To strengthen and improve anti-monopoly in the field of platform economy,we should coordinate the identification of monopolistic conduct and the formulation and implementation of remedies,attach importance to restorative remedy,directly attack the improper monopoly advantages of illegal undertakings in scale,scope,network,data and other aspects,eliminate the adverse effects of monopolistic conduct on competition,and reset effective market competition conditions.Restorative remedy can take traditional measures such as order to stop illegal conduct,non-discrimination obligation,data isolation obligation,data sharing obligation,interoperation obligation and forced structural separation,and can also take new measures such as algorithm sharing obligation,order to suspend business temporarily,subsidizing competitors,and promoting the exercise of personal data portability rights.In spite of potential challenges such as difficulty in elaborating counterfactual states,difficulty in determining entry barriers,doubt about market competitiveness,anti-monopoly law enforcement agency should follow the principles and strategies of effectiveness,necessity,timeliness,and administration,and coordinate the formulation,implementation,supervision,correction and guarantee of remedies so as to fully realize the value of anti-monopoly law enforcement.