违反强制性标准的合同效力认定

On the Rule of Validity of Contract Violates Mandatory Standards

强制性标准是为保障生命财产安全、国家安全、生态环境安全以及满足经济社会管理基本需要,由法律规定强制实施的标准。当前违反强制性标准合同效力的解释路径存在不足,尚待重构。强制性标准与法律属于不同的范畴,应区分标准与法律;强制性标准不是法律,不能直接影响合同效力。强制性标准的强制效力来自法律,影响合同效力的是引用该标准的法律规范。法律引用标准是为了实现法律对技术领域的管理,其规范目的并非在于否认合同效力,因此,不能依据《民法典》第153条第1款认定合同因违反强制性标准而无效。强制性标准是科技伦理以及技术秩序的集中体现,违反强制性标准的合同本质上构成违背公序良俗。因此,违背公序良俗是认定违反强制性标准合同无效的主要依据。

Mandatory standards are stipulated by law for the purpose of ensuring the safety of life and property,national security,ecological environment security and meeting the basic needs of economic and social management.The current interpretation path of validity of contract which violates mandatory standards is insufficient and needs to be reconstructed.Since mandatory standards and laws belong to different governance scopes,standards and laws should be distinguished.Therefore,mandatory standards are not laws and it cannot be directly used as the basis for determining the validity of the contract.The legal force of mandatory standards is originated from law which incorporate standard.The purpose of law incorporating standard is to realize the management of the law on the technical field,and its regulation purpose is not determining the validity of the contract.Therefore,Art.153(1)of the Civil Code cannot determine that the contract which violates mandatory standards is invalid.The mandatory standards are the concentrated embodiment of science and technology ethics and technology order.The contract violates mandatory standards essentially constitutes a violation of public order and good morals.Therefore,the violation of public order and good morals is the main reason for determining the invalidity of the contract which violates mandatory standards.