新兴动词“控”的生成机制——兼论网络语言中的去语法化

On Degrammaticalization of the New Net-Speak Morpheme “Kong”

本文报告了一起网络语言中的去语法化实例。基于新发现的语料,“控”在公认的名词性类词缀(“控1”)和动词之外还有以往未曾观察到的动词性黏着词根(“控2”)用法。经验证据表明,由“控1”演变到“控2”,再发展为动词“控”,是一个聚合性和组合性都不断增强的过程,符合Norde(2009)关于去语法化的多项判定标准。同时,前一个演变阶段的机制是重新分析,后一个阶段的机制为类推。本文也探讨了网络语言中去语法化的特点,认为网络环境下语言接触等外部因素比内部因素更容易诱发去语法化;网络中的去语法化除了遵循一般规律,也会因网络语言“共时强度突出”致使部分中间阶段难以观测,呈现出伪突变性。

This paper reports an instance of degrammatization in Chinese net-speak.Newly found materials reveal that“Kong”(控)has another function,the bonded verbal morpheme“Kong2”,which has not been observed by previous studies.Empirical evidence suggests that the evolution from nominal affix-like morpheme“Kong1”to bonded verbal root“Kong2”,and then to the verb usage is a process of increasing paradigmatic and syntagmatic properties,fully consistent with Norde’s Parameters of Degrammatization(Norde 2009).And reanalysis and analogy are the evolution mechanisms in each stage.The study also explores the characteristics of degrammatization in internet language,arguing that external factors such as language contact are more likely to induce degrammatization than internal ones.