淮河干流王家坝水文站水沙特性分析

Analysis on Water and Sediment Characteristics of Wangjiaba Hydrological Station on the Mainstream of Huaihe River

为合理分析淮河干流水沙的变化情况,本文基于王家坝水文站1984—2021年逐月降水量、径流量、含沙量和输沙量数据,分析王家坝站水沙变化特征。各系列多年平均特征值表明:输沙量不均匀系数最大,6—8月的输沙量占全年的67.3%;降水主要集中在6—8月,而径流主要集中在7—9月。在统计的分期年平均值中,年降水量和年径流量时段均值呈上下波动趋势,年输沙量和年含沙量时段均值呈减小趋势,来沙系数和输沙模数时段均值均呈减小趋势。由双累积曲线分析可以看出,径流量与输沙量关系比降水量与径流量的关系密切。结果可为淮河流域的水沙特性及其变化规律的探究提供依据,也可为该地区的河道整治和防汛抗旱提供参考。

In order to reasonably analyze the changes of water and sediment in the mainstream of Huaihe River,based on the monthly precipitation,runoff,sediment concentration and sediment transport data from Wangjiaba Hydrological Station from 1984 to 2021,this paper analyzes the characteristics of water and sediment changes at Wangjiaba Station.The average values of each series over many years indicate that the uneven coefficient of sediment transport is the largest,with sediment transport from June to August accounting for 67.3%of the whole year.Precipitation mainly occurs from June to August,while runoff mainly occurs from July to September.In the statistically analyzed multi-year average values,the mean annual precipitation and runoff exhibit an up-and-down fluctuation trend,while the mean annual sediment transport and sediment concentration exhibit a decreasing trend.The mean values of the sediment inflow ratio and sediment transport modulus also exhibit a decreasing trend.The analysis of the double cumulative curve shows that the relationship between runoff and sediment transport is closer than that between precipitation and runoff.The results can provide a basis for exploring the water and sediment characteristics and their changing patterns in Huaihe River Basin as well as reference for river regulation and flood and drought prevention in the region.