尾矿库溃决泥沙流动特性及变化规律研究

Study on Flow Characteristics and Change Law of Tailings Pond Outburst Sediment

尾矿库是指筑坝拦截谷口或围地构成的,用以堆存矿石选别后排出尾矿或其他工业废渣的场所。随着矿产资源开采速度的加快,堆砌而成的尾矿库不仅数量和高度增加,而且溃坝风险也大大提高。以马鞍山拐冲尾矿库为工程背景,根据库区场地的工程地质条件与水文条件,在Gambit软件中建立恰当的2D简化模型。以有限元法为基础,采用VOF模型对尾矿库溃后泥沙流的运动过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,当尾矿库发生瞬时全溃时,泥沙到达库区下游2000 m处的时间为41 s,并根据尾矿库溃决泥沙流的特性提出了有效的防灾减灾措施和建议。

A tailings pond refers to a place that is formed by a dam intercepting a valley mouth or an enclosure and used to store tailings,the waste material left over from ore extraction processes,or other industrial waste.With the increase of mining speed of mineral resources,not only the quantity and height of stacked tailings pond increase,but also the risk of dam failure increases greatly.Taking Guichong Tailings Pond in Ma’anshan as the engineering background,a proper 2D simplified model was established in Gambit software according to the engineering geological and hydrological conditions of the reservoir site.Based on the finite element method,VOF model was used to simulate the movement process of sediment flow after the tailings pond collapsed.The results show that it took 41 s for the sediment to reach 2,000 meters downstream of the reservoir when the tailings pond burst.Effective measures and suggestions for disaster prevention and mitigation are put forward according to the characteristics of the sediment flow in tailings pond break.