朝鲜王朝漂流民送还体制与相关公文的传递机制

The System of Returning Castaways and the Mechanism of Transmission of Related Official Documents in the Joseon Dynasty

朝鲜王朝后期,由于忠清道海域频繁出现外国漂流船,漂流船案件成为区域海防的主要任务,忠清道官员进行漂流民审问与船载物品调查,将其结果向朝廷公文报告。从公文传递过程中发现,朝鲜王朝建立三级海防体系以及四级案件报告体系。每个下级军镇向上级军镇层层报告,所有机构都必须向多个上级或同级机构传递公文,以此防止公文传递事故,并通过相关机构互相竞争、牵制,以图国家体制的稳定。在漂流船处理过程中,道行政中心监营成为案件处理及其相关公文传递枢纽,文官监司负责指挥漂流船调查,成为海防体系的中心。

In the late Joseon period,due to the frequent occurrence of foreign drifting boats in Chungcheong-do waters,dealing with drifting boat incidents became the main task of regional coastal defense.Chungcheong-do officials interrogated castaways and investigated shipboard items,and reported the results to the central government.From the transmission of official documents,it is noted that the Joseon Dynasty established a three-tier coastal defense system and a four-tier incident reporting system.Each lower-level military town reported to the higher-level military towns,and all agencies must pass official documents to several higher-level or equivalent agencies to prevent accidents in the transfer of official documents.In this process,the relevant agencies were made to compete and contain each other in an attempt to stabilize the state system.In the course of dealing with drifting ships,janying,the administrative center of Do,became the hub for incident handling and related official documents transmission,and the official jiansi(provincial governor)was responsible for directing the investigation of drifting ships.Thus,the administrative center became the center of the coastal defense system.