家庭资本与学生高考专业选择——基于5所本科高校的实证调查

Family Capital and Students'Major Selection in College Entrance Examination:An Empirical Study Based on 5 Undergraduate Universities

专业选择在新高考改革背景下至关重要。为探究家庭资本对学生专业选择的影响,运用认知行为理论对2022年录取大一新生开展实证调查。结果表明,家庭资本对学生专业选择具有显著影响。在认知层面,家庭资本存量较高有助于学生了解自身兴趣特长和生涯发展,并对高校专业信息更为明确;在行为层面,家庭经济资本对学生专业选择偏好呈显著影响,“富学文,穷学理”这一社会刻板印象已发生改变,较高收入家庭子女更愿意选择自然科学类专业;“男学理,女学文”这一社会刻板印象依然存在。建议:加强政府宏观支持力度,促进弱势家庭教育平等;提升生涯规划教育质量,引导学生理性选择专业;加强社会理性认知引导,消除传统性别观念隔阂。

Major selection is of great importance in the context of the new college entrance examination reform.In order to explore the impact of family capital on students'major selection,an empirical survey was conducted on freshmen enrolled in 2022 using cognitive behavior theory.The results show that family capital has a significant impact on students'major selection.Among them,at the cognitive level,higher family capital helps students understand their interests and career development,and have a clearer understanding of college professional information;At the behavioral level,family economic capital has a significant impact on students'preference for major selection.The social stereotype of“the rich study literature,the poor study science”has changed.Children from higher income families prefer to choose natural science majors;The social stereotype that“men learn science and women learn literature”still exists.Accordingly,it is suggested that:strengthen the government's macro support to promote the education equality of vulnerable families;improve the quality of career planning education and guide students to choose majors rationally;strengthen the guidance of social rational cognition and eliminate the gap between traditional gender concepts.