参与和获奖孰轻孰重?大学生竞赛的育人作用研究

Participation or Award?Research on the Educational Functions of the College Student Competition

大学生竞赛既为广大学生提供了实践创新的平台,又被视为拔尖创新人才评价和选拔的手段之一。从学生发展角度来说,竞赛在选拔之外具备怎样的育人功能?参赛和获奖孰轻孰重?本研究使用2018—2020年的全国大学生调查数据和10项全国性高水平大学生竞赛的获奖信息,发现参赛经历对学生的教育收获,尤其是能力提升具有正向影响,作用大小在不同类型学校和专业中有所不同。高水平竞赛选拔出了学业优秀的学生,但获奖并未带来更多的教育收获。要发挥大学生竞赛作为高影响力教育活动的价值,应重塑“重过程、轻结果”的竞赛观,通过优化竞赛内容、提高参与面、提供优质指导等方式以赛促学,达到鉴才和育才的统一。

The college student competition is a platform for innovation and a means of assessing and selecting top innovative talents.From the perspective of student development,what is the educational function of competition beyond selection?Which one is more important,participation or winning an award?Combining the data from a national college student survey collected in year 2018 to 2020 and the award-winning information from 10 highlevel national college student competitions,this paper finds that student participation in competitions promotes their overall development,especially their abilities.The impact varies across different types of institutions and majors.High-level competitions selected out students with excellent academic performance but winning an award brought little additional gains.To utilize the value of college student competition,we should place more weight on the process than the result by optimizing the competition content,facilitating broader participation and providing highquality guidance,so as to achieve the unity of talent selection and cultivation.