纵向贯通与横向结合——奥地利职业教育与高等教育的融通模式探析

Vertical Transition and Horizontal Hybridization:Analysis of Integration Modes of Vocational and Higher Education in Austria

实现职业教育与高等教育的融通自20世纪80年代以来便成为奥地利改革和发展的目标。对相关政策文本以及研究文献的分析显示,经过几十年来的努力,奥地利已消除了职业教育与高等教育彼此隔离的传统壁垒,探索出纵向贯通与横向结合两种职业教育与高等教育的融通模式。纵向贯通涉及从职业教育到高等教育的过渡。职业教育系统的学生可通过所就读职业学校的毕业考试、参加外部考试或凭借其职业资格证书进入高校学习。横向结合涉及职业教育和高等教育的结合,以高校的双元制学业模式为代表,可让学生同时接受两类教育。这种制度设计有助于满足职业教育系统的不同学生群体参加高等教育的需求,对我国实现职普融通的类似发展目标具有参考价值。

The integration of vocational and higher education has been an objective of reform and development in Austria since the 1980s.The analysis of the relevant policy texts and research literature shows that,over the past decades,Austria has removed the traditional barriers that separated vocational education from higher education and has explored two modes of integration between vocational and higher education:vertical transition and horizontal hybridization.Vertical transition refers to the transition from vocational education to higher education.Students in the vocational education system can access to higher education through the graduation examination of the vocational school they attend,through external examinations or through their vocational qualifications.Horizontal hybridization refers to the combination of vocational and higher education,represented by the dual study model in higher education,which enables students to access to both types of education.This system design helps to meet the needs of different groups of students in the vocational education system to participate in higher education and is an important reference for China to achieve similar development goals of integrating vocational and general education.