不同播期、种瓣大小和种植密度对高原独头蒜生产的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Date,Clove Weight and Planting Density on the Production of Single-clove Garlic in Plateau

为提高独头蒜在青海高原地区的增产潜力,本研究以‘乐都紫皮大蒜’为试材,采用正交实验设计,研究了播期、种瓣大小和种植密度三种因子对大蒜植株生长指标、独头率及小区独头蒜产量的影响。结果表明:三个因素对独头蒜生产的影响依次为:播期>种植密度>种瓣大小。在不同因素对大蒜生长指标的主效应分析中,播期、种瓣大小和种植密度均对大蒜植株的株高和最大叶长有极显著影响,而对最大叶宽、叶片数和假茎粗无显著影响。另外,播期为SD1(2021-04-14)的独头率达42%,小区独头蒜产量达0.69 kg,显著高于SD2(2021-04-26)、SD3(2021-05-08)的独头率和小区独头蒜产量;小种瓣的独头率达39%,小区独头蒜产量达0.62 kg,显著高于中种瓣和大种瓣的独头率和小区独头蒜产量;种植密度为12 cm×8 cm的独头率达38.3%,小区独头蒜产量达0.67 kg,显著高于密度为12 cm×4 cm和12 cm×12 cm的独头率和小区独头蒜产量。综上所述,播期、种瓣大小和种植密度三种因素最佳组合为A1B1C2,即播期为SD1、种瓣大小为小和种植密度为12 cm×8 cm。本研究通过正交试验优化了独头蒜生产种植方式,为青海高原地区独头蒜增产提供理论依据。

In order to increase yield potential of single-clove garlic in Qinghai Plateau area,this study used‘Ledu purple skin garlic'as material,and adopted orthogonal experimental design,the effects of sowing date,clove weight and planting density on growth index,single-clove garlic rate and the yield of single-clove garlic in the plot were studied.The results showed that the effects of three factors on single-clove garlic production were as follows:sowing dateplanting densityclove weight.In the main effect analysis of different factors on the growth index of garlic,sowing date,clove weight and planting density all had significant effect on plant height and maximum leaf length,but had no significant effect on maximum leaf width,number of leaves and pseudostem diameter.In addition,the single-clove garlic rate of SD1(2021-04-14)was 42%,and the yield of single-clove garlic in the plot was0.69 kg,which was significantly higher than the single-clove garlic rate and single-clove garlic yield of SD2(2021-04-26)and SD3(2021-05-08).The single-clove garlic rate of the small clove was 39%,and the yield of singleclove garlic in the plot was 0.62 kg,which was significantly higher than that of middle clove and large clove.The single-clove garlic rate of 12 cm×8 cm was 38.3%and the yield of single-clove garlic in the plot was 0.67 kg,which was significantly higher than that of 12 cm×4 cm and 12 cm×12 cm.In summary,the optimum combination of sowing date,clove weight and planting density was A1B1C2,that was,sowing date was SD1,clove weight was small and planting density was 12 cm×8 cm.In this study,orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the production and cultivation of garlic,providing a theoretical basis for increasing yield of garlic in Qinghai Plateau.