嵌段共聚物微球结构设计与功能调控

Structure Design and Function Regulation for Block Polymer Microparticles

嵌段共聚物自组装是制备结构可控的聚合物微球的重要途径之一.聚合物微球的性能与其形状、表面结构和内部结构密切相关.因此,发展微球有序结构调控方法,实现特定形状与结构的微球的制备,对聚合物微球的发展具有重要意义.空间约束效应可以减少嵌段共聚物体系的亚稳态数量和组装材料的结构缺陷.因此,嵌段共聚物在受限条件下的自组装是获得尺寸均一、结构规整聚合物微球材料的有效手段之一.本专论从嵌段共聚物微球的结构设计出发,总结了近年来通过三维受限组装制备聚合物微球的研究进展,重点介绍了微球表面形貌及内部结构的调控方法与机制.结合微球在功能载体、光学材料等方面的应用,深入分析了高分子微球结构对其性能的影响规律.最后,指出了该领域未来发展所面临的关键问题和重要挑战.

Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)into microparticles has gained growing interest due to their various applications,which are dependent on the morphology of microparticles.Therefore,it is of great significance for the regulation of ordered structure of microspheres.The constraint effects exerted by the boundary of a confining space can reduce the number of metastable states of BCPs,leading to the formation of uniform and defect-free structures.Thus,the three-dimensional(3D)confined assembly of BCPs has been employed as a powerful approach to preparing BCP microparticles with controllable morphology.In this feature article,the progress in the preparation of polymeric microparticles through 3D confined self-assembly of BCPs was comprehensively reviewed.The strategies and mechanism for regulating the shape,topology,and internal structure of BCP microspheres were summarized.Moreover,the effects of microparticle morphology on their performance in functional carriers and optical materials were analyzed in depth.Finally,the key scientific problems and challenges in this field were discussed.