体内自组装多肽纳米材料及其在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of in vivo Self-assembled Peptide Nanomaterials and Their Application in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment

多肽纳米药物由于具有易于设计改造、良好的靶向性、生物相容性和较长的血液循环时间等优势,在生物医学与肿瘤诊疗中具有巨大的潜力.近年来,利用肿瘤微环境原位构建多肽纳米材料的策略已被广泛研究,本文综述了多肽纳米材料通过不同的刺激响应(pH、酶和氧化还原等)实现体内自组装,从而对肿瘤的诊断与治疗产生的积极效果.重点阐述了不同的刺激响应型自组装多肽纳米材料的设计合成及其在肿瘤诊疗中的应用,如对于药物递送系统中的药物富集、渗透和内吞等过程的增强作用,同时简单介绍了其在生物成像上的应用,最后对体内自组装多肽纳米材料的未来发展进行了展望.

Peptide nanomedicines have great potential in tumor diagnosis and treatment due to their advantages of easy design and modification,good targeting,biocompatibility and long blood circulation time.In recent years,the strategy of constructing peptide nanomaterials in situ in the tumor microenvironment has been widely studied,and“in vivo self-assembly”has proven to be a promising biotechnology for disease diagnosis and treatment.Construction of in situ peptide-based self-assemblies at tumor or infection sites shows assembly/aggregationinduced retention(AIR)effects and enhances the biological function of nanomaterials.Peptide molecules are often driven by hydrogen bonds,van der Waals forces,electrostatic effects,etc.to form supramolecular structures.The self-assembly behavior is often stimulated by various factors such as light,sound,enzymes,redox,etc.,to form a corresponding assembly structure.The tumor microenvironment is more complex,and researchers have designed a series of peptide nanomaterials that can respond to the special tumor microenvironment,so that the peptide nanomaterials can be assembled at the tumor site to achieve the expected therapeutic effect.The in vivo self-assembly strategy of peptide nanomaterials can better improve the ability of drug enrichment at target location,cell uptake of drug and drug penetration.At the same time,it has been found that peptide nanomaterials also have a gratifying effect in non-invasive biological imaging,and that this non-invasive imaging strategy has also been widely used,such as fluorescence imaging,photoacoustic imaging,etc.Based on the current research work on peptide nanomaterials,this article reviews the effects of in vivo self-assembled peptide nanomaterials on the diagnosis and treatment of tumors through different stimuli(pH,enzymes,redox,etc.),focusing on the design and synthesis of different stimuli-responsive self-assembled peptide nanomaterials and their applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment,such as the enhancement of drug enrichment,penetration,endocytosis and other processes in drug delivery systems.At the same time,its application in biological imaging is briefly introduced,and finally the future development of self-assembled peptide nanomaterials in vivo is prospected.