基于最大熵模型的佛坪国家级自然保护区豹生境适宜性评价研究

Evaluation on the Habitat Suitability for Panthera pardus in Foping National Nature Reserve Based on the Maximum Entropy Model

陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区是秦岭地区豹的主要分布区之一,近年来多次在野外观测到豹的活动痕迹。明确物种栖息地的分布与状况对于濒危物种的有效保护与科学管理具有重要意义。本研究基于陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区2017—2019年红外相机监测而获得的25个豹的分布点,结合地形、植被、干扰等7个环境变量,利用大熵模型(MaxEnt)分析影响豹栖息地适宜性的主要环境因子,并对豹的适宜栖息地进行了评估。结果表明,MaxEnt模型的评价效果达到优秀水平(训练集AUC=0.926、测试集AUC=0.912);海拔(51.7%)、坡度(16.1%)、猎物丰富度(11%)、距居民点距离(10.3%)是影响豹栖息地适宜性的主要环境特征变量;豹适宜栖息地面积为11312 hm^(2),主要分布在核心区的高海拔区域,占保护区总面积的38.69%。

Shaanxi Foping National Nature Reserve is among the main distribution areas in Qinling Mountains for Panthera pardus,whose activity traces have been spotted in field observations many times in recent years.Clear understanding of the habitat distributions and conditions is of great significance for effective conservation and scientific management of endangered species.In this paper,based on the 25 distribution spots for Panthera pardus recorded with infrared camera monitoring between 2017 and 2019 and 7 environmental variables including landform,vegetation and disturbances,an analysis was made on the main environmental factors affecting the habitat suitability for the species using the maximum entropy model(MaxEnt)with an evaluation on the suitable habitat.The results showed that the evaluation effect of MaxEnt was excellent(training AUC=0.926,test AUC=0.912).Altitude(51.7%),slope(16.1%),prey abundance(11%),and distance from residential areas(10.3%)are the main environmental characteristic variables affecting the habitat suitability for the species,whose suitable habitat area is 11312 hm^(2),accounting for 38.69%of the total area of the reserve and mainly at high altitudes in the core area.