不同种植模式和灌水定额对棉花生长和产量的影响

Effects of Different Planting Patterns and Irrigation Quota on Cotton Growth and Yield

【目的】明确膜下滴灌机采棉的适宜种植模式和最优灌水定额。【方法】设置等行距(M1:1膜3行)、宽窄行(M2:1膜6行)2个种植模式,每个种植模式设置3种灌水定额(W1:30 mm,W2:37.5 mm,W3:45 mm),分析不同种植模式和灌水定额对棉花生长、蕾铃分布、挂枝数、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】种植模式显著影响棉花株高和茎粗,M1处理的株高和茎粗相比M2处理提高了30.29%和13.45%;株高和茎粗随灌水定额的增大而增大,W2处理和W3处理的株高和茎粗差异较小,显著高于W1处理。M1处理有利于增加棉花上部铃和内围铃,且中、上部铃随着灌水量的增加而增加。M1处理的单株成铃数、衣分和籽棉产量相比M2处理分别增加了65.72%、1.46%和3.33%,皮棉产量增加了6.87%。产量随着灌水定额的增加而增加,但水分利用效率差异不显著。【结论】推荐南疆地区机采棉采用等行距(M1)种植模式,最优的灌水定额为37.5mm(W2),可以促进棉花生长,实现增产。

【Objective】In order to solve the problem of high impurity rate in current machine-harvested cotton planting patterns and clarify the suitable planting pattern and corresponding optimal irrigation quota for drip irrigation under mulch in southern Xinjiang.【Method】Treatments of two planting patterns(M1,three rows of cottons under one film with equal row spacing;M2,Six rows of cottons under one film with wide and narrow rows)and three irrigation quotas(W1,30 mm;W2,37.5 mm;W3,45 mm)were conducted to investigate the coupling effects of different planting patterns and irrigation quota on cotton growth,bud and boll distribution,defoliation rate,yield and water use efficiency.【Result】The results showed that planting pattern significantly affected the plant height and stem diameter of cotton.Compared to M2 treatment,the plant height and stem diameter of M1 treatment increased by 30.29%and 13.45%,respectively;the plant height and stem diameter increased with increasing of irrigation quota,and little differences was found between W2 and W3 treatments,but significantly higher than that of W1 treatment.M1 planting mode is more conducive to increase the number of upper and inner bolls,and number of middle and upper bolls increased with increasing of soil water content,thus improved the cotton yield.Compared to M2 treatment,the number of bolls per plant,lint percentage,seed cotton yield and lint yield of M1 treatment increased by 65.72%,1.46%,3.33%and 6.87%,respectively.The seed cotton yield increased with increasing irrigation quota,but the differences of water use efficiency among treatments were not significant.The seed cotton yield was followed by W3>W2>W1,and no difference was found between W3 and W2 treatment.【Conclusion】Therefore,the equal row spacing planting mode under machine-harvested was recommended in southern Xinjiang,and the irrigation quota of 37.5 mm was adopted to promote cotton growth and achieve the purpose of increasing yield and efficiency.