“游客—居民—经营者”语境下历史街区地方文化重塑效果感知研究——以北京前门历史街区为例

Perception of"Tourists-Residents-Business Operators"on Reshaping Effect of Local Culture in Historic District:A Case Study of Qianmen District in Beijing

地方文化的塑造是历史街区旅游发展的重点,而游客、居民、经营者作为旅游发展的重要参与者,其认知和态度则是历史街区开发的基础,对历史街区文化旅游的转型发展有非常重要的影响。该文以北京前门历史街区为例,借助内容分析法和重要性—绩效分析法(IPA),从游客、居民和经营者的综合感知视角,探查地方文化的重塑效果。结果表明:①前门地区地方文化构成要素分为物质层、非物质层两大类,包括特色建筑、街道肌理、景观符号、特色商品、地方品牌、文化活动、传统习俗、名人轶事、文学曲艺、生活方式10个子类;②不同利益主体对于地方文化的感知内容存在一定差异,但整体对其文化内容和要素的反应相似;③游客、居民、经营者对前门地方文化表达的情感反馈均较积极,但居民反馈相对较低,是管理者需要关注的重点;④各文化要素在不同利益主体中的期望和表现效果具有一定差异,其中传统习俗和文化活动是未来提升的重点内容。

Reshaping local culture is the focus of the tourism development in historic districts.At the same time,tourists,residents,and business operators are important participants in tourism development,and their cognition and attitudes are the basis for the development of historic districts,which have a significant impact on the transformation and development of cultural tourism in historic districts.Taking the Qianmen District in Beijing as an example,this study explores the reshaping effect of local culture from the perspective of comprehensive perception of tourists,residents and business operators via the methods of content analysis and the importance performance analysis(IPA).It is found as follows.①Qianmen′s local culture is composed of two main categories of tangible and intangible elements,including distinctive buildings,street texture,landscape symbols,specialty goods,local brands,cultural activities,traditional customs,celebrity anecdotes,literary and artistic performances,and lifestyles.②There are certain differences in the perceived content of local culture among different stakeholders,but the overall perception of cultural content and elements is similar.③Tourists,residents,and business operators all have positive emotions towards the local culture in Qianmen District,but compared with tourists and business operators,residents have less positive emotions,which is the focus of attention for managers.④Different stakeholders have different expectations and perceptions on various cultural elements,among which traditional customs and cultural activities need to be improved in the future.