居民消费视角下的北方地区农村清洁取暖定价机制研究

Research on Rural Clean Heating Pricing Mechanism in Northern China:The Perspective of Residents’Consumption

电、气能源替代散煤的清洁取暖定价政策的核心是协同实现节能、减排、农户福利三重目标。我国目前在北方农村地区实施的清洁取暖价格主要为分时电价、峰谷电价和阶梯气价。通过对典型城市农户的实地调研,获得农户用能行为、需求和意愿数据,基于清洁取暖的需求价格弹性设置了多种清洁取暖用能与相应价格情景,以确定农村清洁取暖定价机制的改进策略。研究结果显示,合理划分基本生活类、改善类和奢侈类的用能需求,并在此基础上制定反映清洁能源需求价格弹性的价格,能够有效减少用能支出、改进取暖福利。同时,政府补贴在清洁取暖定价机制处于核心地位,影响清洁取暖价格政策目标的实现。为改进清洁取暖定价机制,建议对农户冬季取暖的需求和价格弹性开展充分调研,更好发挥阶梯价格的作用,并基于大气污染物持续减排的原则制定适度补贴水平。

Clean heating pricing needs to achieve the triple objectives of energy saving,emission reduction and residents’welfare at the same time.The mainly current clean heating prices implemented in northern China rural areas are time-of-use tariffs,peak and valley tariffs,and step gas prices.In order to improve strategies for rural clean heating pricing mechanisms,this paper obtains data on residents’energy use behavior,demand and willingness through field investigation on typical urban residents,and sets up various clean heating energy using scenarios and corresponding prices based on the price elasticity of demand,to analyze the optimization strategy of the rural clean heating pricing mechanism.The results show that:the decline of energy expenditure and improvement of heating welfare could be accomplished by the price which reflects the price elasticity based on the reasonable division of energy demand into basic living category,improvement category and luxury category.Meanwhile,government subsidies are at the core of the clean heating pricing mechanism and affect the realization of clean heating price policy objectives.In order to improve the pricing mechanism for clean heating and better utilize the role of ladder prices,adequate research should be conducted on the demand and price elasticity of residents’winter heating,and setting moderate subsidy levels based on the principle of continuous reduction of air pollutants.