土壤环境容量理论、核算方法及其应用进展

Progress of the Theory,Calculation Methods and Application of Soil Environmental Capacity

土壤环境容量经过三十多年发展,已成为衡量区域环境承载能力的关键指标。首先梳理了土壤SEC的理论框架和影响因素;其次,回溯我国土壤污染管理发展历程,明晰了SEC理论和实践在引入与探索、发展与实践、停滞和快速发展等不同时期的发展特征。对静态容量法、动态容量法及环境容量综合指数法等不同核算方法的优势和不足进行了系统梳理;最后,从标准制定、农业生产、污染评估和场地修复角度综述了SEC的应用现状。结论指出,未来需要在健康和生态风险等多种因素约束下,基于多目标耦合技术优化SEC核算方法;进一步构建复合污染型土壤的SEC量化核算方法;多尺度扩展土壤环境容量的内涵,并推动区域SEC动态预警及场地修复等领域的应用。

Soil environmental capacity(SEC)has been developed for more than three decades,and it has been a key indicator to assess the carrying capacity of regional environment.Herein,the theoretical framework and impacted factors of SEC were analyzed first.And then,the management of soil pollution was surveyed and the characteristics of different SEC’stages can be classified as introduction and exploration,development and practice,stagnation and rapid development.The advantages of SEC methods,including static,dynamic,and environmental capacity comprehensive indexes,were analyzed,along with their deficiencies.As a result,the application of SEC was summarized as standard regulation,agricultural production,pollution assessment,and site remediation.It is suggested that more comprehensive SEC quantification should be developed based on the multi-objective coupling technology,which is constrained by various factors such as health and ecological risks.SEC intention should also be enriched in multiple dimensions,and the application of regional SEC dynamic early-warning and contamination site remediation should be enhanced.