汉语揣度性与确定性推测副词并用现象研究

A Study on the Co-occurrence of Chinese Possibility Modal Adverbs and Inevitability Modal Adverbs

揣度性与确定性推测副词并用一般被看作语病,然而古今汉语语料中存在大量并用的语言事实。从形式上看,两类副词并用时,揣度副词一般居前,确定副词居后,不在同一结构层次;从语义上看,两类副词并用倾向于表达高值认识情态。两者能够并用是因为在情态句中各自担当的功能不同:确定性推测副词指向命题,表示说话人认为命题必然或很可能为真;而揣度性推测副词指向言者,表示谦虚礼貌或显示非现实性主观认识的功能。

It is generally believed that a sentence where a possibility modal adverb and an inevitability modal adverb co-occur is an ill-formed sentence.But the fact is that a great number of such sentences are found in ancient and modern Chinese corpus.Formally,when these two kinds of adverbs co-occur,the possibility modal adverb generally precedes the inevitability modal adverb and occurs in a different syntactic level.Semantically,the co-occurrence of these two adverbs tends to express the inevitability modality.The feasibility of such co-occurrence is resulted from their different functions in a modal sentence:The inevitability modal adverb points to the proposition indicating that the speaker has a high degree of certainty about the conjecture,while the possibility modal adverb points to the speaker expressing modesty and politeness or showing the function of subjective cognition.