从“X好”“X得”的降级看小句整合和复杂句的简单化

The Simplification of Complex Sentences:With Special Reference to the Syntactic Downgrading of“X-hao/de”

近代汉语中“好”和“得”分别作为表达积极估价的形容词和道义情态动词时,可在复杂句“状语从句C1,X好”和“状语从句C1,X得”中独立充当主句谓语。从词汇和句法结构互动关系的角度考察发现,在“X好”降级为C1的句末语气词、“X得”降级为C1的句末情态词的过程中,“C1,X好”和“C1,X得”均经历了复杂句的简单化,主句“X好”和“X得”分别与从句C1发生了从并从关系双小句往简单句的小句整合。对比“C1,X好”和“C1,X得”的整合过程还可以发现,小句整合可能伴随发生实词虚化,但这种状况并不是必然的。

When“ha_o”and“de”are respectively used as adjectives and modal verbs in modern Chinese,they can act as independent predicates in complex sentences such as“C(lause)1,X-ha_o”and“C(lause)1,X-de”.From the perspective of the interactive relationship between vocabulary and syntactic structure,it was found that in the process of“X-ha_o”downgrades to a sentence-final particle and“X-de”downgrades to a sentence-final modal verb,“C1,X-ha_o”and“C1,X-de”all experience the simplification of complex sentences.The main clauses“X-ha_o”and“X-de”have respectively underg-onetheclausalcombnng processfrom a man-subordnateb-clausalstructuretoasmple monoclause.The important implication of the present study is that the canonical lexicon-to-function gram-matcalizaton i s not necessarily i nvolved i n the process of clause combining.