湖南方言的总括副词“下”

The Universal Quantification Adverb[ya214]in Hu?nan Dialect

湖南多地方言中语音相似的总括副词“下”应当来源于数量短语“一下”,具体过程为:做一下(动补短语,意为“分成一次/一部分”)→一下(数量状语,意为“一次”或“整体”)→(一)下(总括副词)。该语法化路径进一步拓展了总括表达形式的来源,具有类型学价值。部分方言的总括副词“做下”可能与“下”有相同来源,但经历了不同的语音弱化过程。同时,湖南方言内部总括副词“(一)下”在能否用于属性谓语句以及能否总括通指性成分、量词重叠形式、任指义疑问代词短语等方面存在的差异,也都可从其来源得到解释。

The universal quantification adverb[xa24](下)with similar pronunciation in many di-alects in Hu’nan Province have arguably come from the numeral-classifier phrase[i45 ya214](一下).The process is as follows:[tsu*5i$5ya2#](做一下)(verb complement phrase,meaning“to do some-thing only once or to divide something into one part")→[i#yal4](一下)(numeral classifier adverbi-al,meaning“once"or“whole")-→([i45])[ya214]((一)下)(universal quantification adverb).This se-mantic evolution path further expands the sources of universal quantification expressions and thus has typological value.The universal quantification adverbs[dko°ya4](做下)in some dialects should have the same source as the adverb[ya2#](下),but they may have experienced different phonetic weake-ning processes.Meanwhile,the differences among the universal quantification adverbs([i4])[ya214]((一)下)in Hu’nan dialcts in whether they can be used in attribute predicate sentences,whether they can universally quantify general referential components,classifier overlapping forms,arbitrarily referential interrogative pronoun phrases and so on can also be explained from their sources.