国内外草原调查监测历程与展望

Developments Course and Prospect of Grassland Survey and Monitoring Domestic and Abroad

草原在我国生态文明建设和草牧业发展中发挥着重大作用,草原调查监测是草原管理的主要手段之一。通过梳理我国及主要草牧业发达国家的草原调查监测发展历程,发现在监测内容上国内外主要经历了从生产指标到生态指标的逐步涵盖;调查监测的方法上国内外均以长期和短期相结合,以长期监测为主,短期监测为辅,随着技术发展,各国均根据草地类型、利用等特点,建立了相对完善的调查监测体系。建议我国在草原监测上应科学布局固定监测点;完善草原长期监测网络体系;建立系统的天地空一体化草原监测技术体系;健全多功能草原监测的指标体系;加强草原监测人员和科技的投入,以推动我国草原监测可持续发展。

Grasslands take an important role in the construction of ecological civilization and the development of grassland husbandry in China.The grassland survey and monitoring is one of the main practices in grassland management.Overviewing the development courses of grassland survey and monitoring in China and the major grass-pastoral developed countries,it could be revealed that the grassland survey and monitoring domestic and abroad underwent the processes from focus on the production indicators to the ecological indicators,while the methods used in the grassland survey and monitoring domestic and abroad were the combination of the long-term and the short-term survey and monitoring approaches,with the long-term survey and monitoring approach dominant.All the countries analyzed in this study has developed a relatively complete system for the grassland survey and monitoring in the course of technology development in the light of the type,utilization and other characteristics of the grasslands in their country.We suggest the survey and monitoring of grasslands in China should set the grassland monitoring sites with the scientific layout,improve the long-term monitoring network of grasslands,establish a systematic space-ground-air integrated grassland monitoring technology system,strengthen the indicator system of multifunctional grassland monitoring;and reinforce the investment of grassland monitors and science and technology,in order to promote the sustainable development of grassland monitoring in China.