基于外部性理论构建草地生态产品价值实现制度体系

The Value Realization System of Grassland Ecological Products was Established Based on The Externality Theory

草地生态产品具有多功能性和公共品特性,文章基于外部性理论分析了草地生态产品的产权问题与外部经济性问题。同时,量化测算了草地生态产品的直接与间接经济价值,以期为草地生态产品价值能够顺利实现提供理论与实证依据。结果显示:部分草地生态产品产权明晰,带来直接经济价值,而部分产品产权难以界定,其供给产生正外部性,一般带来间接经济价值,间接经济价值是直接经济价值的2.15倍。直接经济价值实现较容易,而间接经济价值实现较难,需要通过生态补偿等措施解决。针对上述问题,本文提出构建由管理体系、政策体系和法律体系组成的草地生态产品价值实现制度体系,为草地生态产品价值实现提供保障。

Grassland ecological products have the characteristics of multi-functions and public goods.Based on the theory of externality,this paper analyzed the property rights and external economic issues of grassland ecological products.At the same time,the direct and indirect economic values of grassland ecological products were quantified,aiming to provide theoretical and empirical basis for the smooth valuation of grassland ecological product.The results show:The property rights of some grassland ecological products were clear and able to bring direct economic value.Meanwhile the property rights of other products were difficult to define,whose supplies produced the positive externalities and generally brought an indirect economic value of 2.15 times of the direct economic value.It was easy to realize direct economic value,but difficult to realize indirect economic value,which needs to be solved through ecological compensation and other measures.In view of the above issues,it was proposed to construct an institutional systems for realizing the value of grassland ecological products,which is composed of management systems,policy systems and legal systems so as to provide a guarantee for the valuation of grassland ecological products.