银雀山竹简《兵法》避讳字与断代探讨

Discussion on Taboo Characters and Dating of The Art of War onYinqueshan Bamboo Slips

本文对隶变字体避讳字与断代的探讨仅涉及银雀山竹简《孙子兵法》《孙膑兵法》及轶文(以下称《兵法轶文》)所见避讳字,是以整理小组(壹)竹简摹本编号字体为依据,其中《孙子兵法》上编13篇及下编5篇。《孙膑兵法》是以《孙膑兵法新释》附录摹本编号字体为依据,其中正文16篇及《兵法轶文》15篇。由于竹简《兵法》隶变字体正处于秦末汉初时期,与马王堆帛书《老子》甲、乙抄本字体所处阶段大体相同,利用避讳汉字可以进行隶变字体及同简篇文其他字体的比对,提供了观察避讳字所处时段的判断过程,结合马王堆帛书《老子》甲、乙抄本字体来比对,可做出时期判别。所以,利用动态隶变字体与静态避讳字体进行纵横向比对,是探讨竹简《兵法》篇文所处时代的较好方法。

This article discusses the taboo characters and dating of Libian fonts only involving the taboo characters found in Yinqueshan Bamboo Slips The Art of War,Sun Bin's Art of War and anecdotal texts(hereinafter referred to as Anecdotal Art of War),so the collation group(one)based on the numbered font of the bamboo slip copy,of which there are 13 chapters in the first part and 5 chapters in the second part of The Art of War.Sun Bin's Art of War is based on the numbered font of the appendix of New Interpretation of Sun Bin's Art of War,including 16 texts and 15 Anecdotes about the Art of War.Since the script of the bamboo slips The Art of War was in the late Qin and early Han period,it was roughly at the same stage as the fonts of the manuscripts A and B of the Mawangdui silk script Laozi,and the fonts of the scripts and other fonts of the same bamboo slips can be made by using taboo Chinese characters.The comparison provides a judgment process for observing the time period of the taboo characters.Combined with the comparison of the fonts of the manuscripts A and B of the Mawangdui silk book Laozi,the period judgment can be made.Therefore,comparing the vertical and horizontal comparisons between the dynamic subordinate fonts and the static taboo fonts is a good way to explore the era of the bamboo slips The Art of War.