2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生肺结核发病分析

Analysis on the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Students of an Ethnic College in Xianyang City From 2019 to 2021

目的分析咸阳市某民族高校学生2019—2021年肺结核发病情况,为提高学校和肺结核高发地区防控水平提供数据支持。方法回顾性研究咸阳市某民族高校学生系统,以2019年1月—2021年12月在校学生作为研究对象,基于学校学生系统,采集学生性别、年级、民族、地区等一般信息,并提取肺结核患病学生的一般信息及月份发病情况。采用描述性方法分析2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生肺结核发病情况,采用SPSS 23.0统计学软件分析2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生发病时间分布及发病人群特征分布特征(包括性别、年级、地区)。结果2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生累计报告肺结核患者为255例,发病率为668.20/10万,其中2019年、2020年、2021年发病率分别925.53/10万、540.58/10万、571.34/10万,2019年发病率最高。2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生各月均有肺结核病例报告,其中2019年报告高峰为3、9、12月,2020—2021年病例报告曲线变化显示基本一致,3—4月为肺结核报告高峰,接下来月份均处于缓慢下降,9—10月为小高峰;来自西藏地区不同市大学生2019—2022年肺结核发病情况不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);按照年份来看,不同性别、年级和生源居住地的大学生肺结核发病情况不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论咸阳市某民族高校学生2019—2021年肺结核发病率呈不规律波动,但总体发病率仍然较高;发病高峰时间主要集中于3—4月、9—10月;低年级、男性学生应为结核病防控主要人群;藏区结核病患病率波动较大,可能与地区医疗水平提高有关,而低医疗水平地区仍然为重点防治地区。针对高风险重点人群,应加强结核病筛查及防控管理,预防结核病流行与蔓延。

Objective To analyze the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students of an ethnic college in Xianyang city from 2019 to 2021 to provide data support for improving prevention and control in schools and areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the student system of an ethnic college in Xianyang city.Students from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects,and general information on students’gender,grade,ethnicity,and region was collected based on the school student system,and general information on students with tuberculosis disease and monthly incidence were extracted.A descriptive method was used to analyze the incidence of tuberculosis among students of an ethnic college in Xianyang city from 2019 to 2021,and SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used to analyze the distribution of time of incidence and the distribution characteristics of the population characteristics of incidence(including gender,grade and region)among students of an ethnic college in Xianyang city from 2019 to 2021.Results A total of 255 cases of tuberculosis were reported among ethnic minority college students in Xianyang city From 2019 to 2021,with an incidence rate of 668.20/100000,among which the incidence rates in 2019,2020 and 2021 were 925.53/100000,540.58/100000 and 571.34/100000,respectively,with the highest incidence in 2019.From 2019 to 2021,there were monthly reports of tuberculosis cases among students of an ethnic college in Xianyang city.The report peaks in 2019 were March,September and December,and the changes in the curve of case reports from 2020 to 2021 showed basically the same pattern.The report peaks in March and April,and decreases slowly in the following months,with a small peak in September and October.The incidence of tuberculosis among college students in different cities in Tibet from 2019 to 2022 was different,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In terms of years,the incidence of tuberculosis was different among college students of different genders,grades and places of origin,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion The incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis showed irregular fluctuation in Xianyang city from 2019 to 2021,but the overall incidence rate was still high.The peak time of the disease was mainly concentrated in March to April and September to October.Lower grade,male students should be the main population for tuberculosis prevention and control.The prevalence of tuberculosis in various regions of Tibetan areas fluctuates,which may be related to the improvement of medical level in each region,while areas with low medical level are still the key areas for prevention and control.For high-risk key populations,tuberculosis screening and prevention and control management should be strengthened to prevent the prevalence and spread of tuberculosis.