生命早期益生元干预对变应性鼻炎大鼠模型的免疫调节研究

Immunomodulatory Effects of Prebiotic Intervention in Early Life on Allergic Rhinitis Rats

目的通过建立初生大鼠变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)动物模型,检测AR大鼠鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞及血清Th1/Th2细胞因子水平,以探讨益生元在防治AR中的作用。方法将新生Wistar大鼠与母鼠同笼适应性喂养7 d,选取其中24只大鼠,随机分成4组,每组6只,分别为卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)致敏,生理盐水灌胃对照组;OVA致敏,益生菌干预组;OVA致敏,益生元干预组;OVA致敏,合生元(益生菌+益生元)干预组。灌胃9周后以ELISA法检测大鼠血清中Th1/Th2型细胞因子白细胞介素-12(interleukin-12,IL-12)、白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)、γ干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)的表达情况;采用HE染色检测鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞的表达情况。结果AR大鼠模型构建成功,对照组鼻腔黏膜组织中可见大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,血清IL-12、IFN-γ低表达,IL-4高表达。鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞在生理盐水灌胃对照组中高于合生元(益生菌+益生元)干预组(P<0.05)。IL-12、IFN-γ表达在对照组中低于合生元干预组(P<0.05)。而对照组与益生菌干预组、益生元干预组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论益生元联合益生菌生命早期干预可以激活并推动Th1型免疫进程,动态平衡机体免疫系统,并抑制Th2型免疫反应同时抑制过敏反应的发生。

Objective To investigate the role of prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)by establishing neonatal rats model of AR and detecting the levels of eosinophils in nasal mucosa and Th1/Th2 cytokines in serum of AR rats.Methods Neonatal Wistar rats were fed with their mothers in the same cage for 7 days,and 24 of them were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 6 rats in each group.Ovalbumin(OVA)sensitized,normal saline gavage control group.OVA sensitization,probiotic intervention group.OVA sensitization,prebiotic intervention group.OVA sensitization,synbiotics(probiotic+prebiotic)intervention group.The expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokines interleukin-12(IL-12),interleukin-4(IL-4)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in serum were detected by ELISA after 9 weeks of gavage.HE staining was used to detect the expression of eosinophils in nasal mucosa.Results The AR rat model was successfully established.In the control group,a large number of eosinophils infiltrated the nasal mucosa,and the serum IL-12 and IFN-γwere low expression,while IL-4 was high expression.The number of eosinophils in nasal mucosa in control group was higher than that in synbiotics(probiotic+prebiotic)intervention group(P<0.05).The expressions of IL-12 and IFN-γin the control group were lower than those in the synbiotics intervention group(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference between control group and probiotic intervention group and prebiotic intervention group(P>0.05).Conclusion Early intervention of prebiotics combined with probiotics can promote Th1 type immune response,make the body immune system in dynamic balance,inhibit Th2 type immune response,and inhibit the occurrence of allergic reactions.