安宁疗护志愿者培训实践的范围综述

Training practice of hospice volunteers:a scoping review

目的对安宁疗护志愿者培训实践进行范围综述,旨在为我国实施安宁疗护志愿者培训提供参考。方法按照范围综述的方法和步骤以及PRISMA-ScR清单,系统检索中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science等国内外数据库从建库至2022年9月1日发表的中英文文献,根据范围综述框架,对相关研究进行范围审查,对纳入文献进行汇总分析。结果共纳入17篇文献,结果提示安宁疗护志愿者培训方法灵活多样,主要以讲座、小组讨论、课堂讲授为主。培训内容涵盖范围广,主要包括临终关怀的概念内涵、志愿者角色、沟通技能、临终者身体护理和精神支持,及丧亲者护理等五个方面。大部分志愿者经培训后对死亡焦虑、死亡恐惧和死亡应对能力均有所提高,更有能力和信心履行自己的职责。结论安宁疗护志愿者培训的方式、方法及评价指标等呈多样化,但尚无最佳实践标准。未来需完善安宁疗护志愿者培训体系,积极开展国内安宁疗护志愿者培训实践,增强我国安宁疗护志愿者的实践服务能力。

Objective To review the scope of the training practice of hospice care volunteers,so as to provide reference for the implementation of the training of hospicative care volunteers in our country.Methods The methodological framework was summarized according to the scope.The Chinese and English literatures published by CNKI,VIP database,Wanfang database,CBM,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science and other domestic and foreign databases from the establishment to September 1,2022 were systematically searched,and the included literatures were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 17 literatures were included.The results indicated that the training methods of hospice care volunteers were flexible and varied,mainly based on lectures,group discussions and in-class teaching,and the training contents covered a wide range,including the concept of hospice care,volunteer roles,communication skills,physical care and spiritual support,and care for the bereaved.After the training,most of the volunteers had improved their ability to copy with death anxiety,fear for death and death,and were more capable and confident to perform their duties.Conclusion The training approaches,methods and evaluation indexes of hospice care volunteers are diversified,but there is no best practice standard.In the future,we should improve the training system,actively carry out domestic training practices,and enhance our country's practical service ability.