石油公司油气与新能源融合发展路径与实践探索

Path of Oil and Gas Development in Integration with New Energy for Oil Companies and Their Practice

受应对气候变化在全球成为共识、公共政策对高碳行业监管趋严、资本市场向绿色低碳产业倾斜等多重因素影响,石油公司低碳转型发展势在必行,大力发展新能源成为石油公司的共同选择。梳理国内外石油公司的新能源业务发展历程,分析欧洲、美国和我国石油公司低碳转型发展战略与路径选择上的异同,结合我国国情与发展环境,探索我国石油公司特色转型路径与实践。研究认为,欧洲石油公司绿色转型较为激进,收缩油气业务,拓展新能源业务,实施绝对减排;美国石油公司转型相对保守;我国石油公司的绿色低碳发展目标与路径相对“稳妥”,需要立足稳油增气,遵循油气与新能源并举的发展方针,走油气与新能源融合发展的特色转型路径,聚焦生产用能清洁替代、气电与风光融合发展、地热、氢能、CCUS等领域,为保障国家能源安全、减轻油气对外依存度、实现“双碳”目标做出新贡献。

Influenced by global consensus on climatic changes,stricter supervision on the high-carbon industries from the public policies and preference for the green and low-carbon industries given by the capital market,it is inevitable for oil companies to develop themselves in the low-carbon transition.Therefore,development of new energy has become a common option for oil companies.This paper elaborates the new energy development process of oil companies both at home and abroad and analyzes the differences in the low-carbon transitional development strategies of the European,American and Chinese oil companies and their options of the paths.It also makes the study of the characteristic transition paths planned by the Chinese oil companies and their practice in this area on the basis of China’s national conditions and development environment.According to the study,the green transition of the European oil companies is comparatively radical,such as shrinkage of oil and gas business,expansion of new energy business and adoption of absolutely less emission.The green transition of the American oil companies are relatively conservative.The Chinese oil companies formulated the“stable and appropriate”green and low-carbon development goal and path to focus on keeping oil production stable while increasing natural gas production.They abide by the development guideline that put the same emphasis on oil and gas production and new energy development.The characteristic transitional path is adopted to bring oil and gas together with new energy for integrated development.The transition is focused on use of clean energy for production,integration of gas-fired power with wind and photovoltaic power as well as the areas of geothermal energy,hydrogen energy and CCUS,making the new contributions for the nation’s energy security,alleviation of dependence on oil and gas import,and fulfillment of the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal.