旱地冬小麦宽幅匀播光合效应研究

Study on Photosynthetic Effects of Wide-width Uniform Sowing of Winter Wheat in Dryland

宽幅匀播技术优化了作物群体结构,使小麦显著增产。为了给大面积推广宽幅匀播技术提供理论支撑,以常规条播为对照,采用田间试验研究了旱地冬小麦宽幅匀播的光合效应。结果表明,从拔节期到灌浆期,旱地宽幅匀播冬小麦旗叶叶绿素SPAD值较常规条播高3.1~6.3;盛花期较常规条播小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)提高13.4%、气孔导度(Gs)增加34.84%、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)降低16.05%、蒸腾速率(Tr)提高8.47%。宽幅匀播能显著提高小麦叶片叶绿素含量,改善冬小麦光合特性,使小麦叶片能更有效利用胞间CO_(2),提高光合和运输能力,从而显著增加产量。

The wide-width uniform sowing technology can significantly increase wheat yield by optimizing crop population structure.In order to provide theoretical support for its large-scale popularization and application,the photosynthetic effects of dryland winter wheat using wide-width uniform sowing technology was studied infield with conventional drill sowing as the control.Results showed that from the jointing stage to the filling stage,the chlorophyll-SPAD value of flag leaf of winter wheat in the dry land using wide-width uniform sowing was 3.1 to 6.3 higher than that in the conventional drill sowing,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of flag leaf was increased by 13.4%,the stomatal conductance(Gs)was increased by 34.84%,the intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)was decreased by 16.05%,and the transpiration rate(Tr)was increased by 8.47%when compared with conventional drill sowing wheat at full flowering stage.Wide-width uniform sowing could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves and improve the photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat,which enabled wheat leaves to more effectively use intercellular CO_(2) and to improve photosynthesis and transport capacity,thus significantly increase in yield could be achieved.