从部落首领到中华民族共祖:晚清民国时期黄帝形象重塑及影响

From Ancient Fribal Leader to The Ancestor of The Chinese Nation:The Image Reconstruction and Influence of the Yellow Emperor in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period

伴随清末种族危机与民族矛盾加深,近代民族主义这一新兴政治理念开始在中国传播。为辨别民族主义的概念与界限,以维新派与革命派为代表的爱国志士利用报刊、书籍等大众传媒将黄帝这一远古部落首领塑造为汉民族始祖和中华文明的代表性符号,黄帝逐渐成为团结汉民族的精神纽带和进行民族识别的文化标志,最终掀起清末黄帝崇拜浪潮,为革命运动添加了一味强力助燃剂。民国建立后,随着“五族共和”的提出,黄帝形象突破了民族畛域,一跃成为中华民族的始祖,在抗战时期更成为激励中国人民团结抵抗日本侵略的精神支柱。时至今日,黄帝仍是团结中华民族、展示中华文明的重要精神图腾,更是牢铸中华民族共同体意识的重要文精神纽带。

With the deepening of the ethnic crisis and national contractions in the late Qing Dynasty,the emerging political concept of modern nationalism began to spread in China.In order to distinguish the concept and boundaries of nationalism,patriots represented by reformers and revolutionaries used mass media such as newspapers and books to mold the ancient tribal leader,the Yellow Emperor,as the ancestor of the Han nation and a representative symbol of Chinese civilization.The Yellow Emperor gradually became a spiritual bond for uniting the Han nation and a cultural symbol for national identification,ultimately setting off a wave of worship of the Yellow Emperor in the late Qing Dynasty,impulsively driving the revolutionary movement.After the establishment of the Republic of China,with the idea of“Republic of Five Nationalities”being proposed,the image of the Yellow Emperor broke through the ethnic boundaries and became the ancestor of the Chinese nation.During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,it became a spiritual pillar encouraging the Chinese people to unite against the Japanese invasion.To this day,the Yellow Emperor is still an important spiritual totem for uniting the Chinese nation and displaying Chinese civilization,and more of an important spiritual bond for firmly forging the sense of community for the Chinese nation.