0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务:现状、使用与效果

Childcare Services for Infants and Young Children Aged 0-3:Current Status,Usage and Effectiveness

基于已婚职业女性的线上调查数据,考察了我国0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务的发展现状、使用状况与效果。研究发现:首先,当前托育服务发展主要面临可及性较低且价格高昂带来的入托难、入托贵问题;其次,高薪、高学历且处于职业发展上升期的女性是使用托育服务的主要群体,而安全、机构声誉和家庭照料负担则是影响她们使用托育服务的三个最重要因素;最后,提高托育服务可及性、便利性和质量,降低托育服务价格有利于提高女性的生育意愿,同时托育服务有利于提升儿童的生活能力、认知和非认知能力,但对儿童健康存在一定消极影响。因此,提高托育服务可及性、降低托育服务成本,同时增加服务的多样性、保障服务的安全性,是构建普惠托育服务体系亟须解决的问题。

Based on the online survey data of married professional women,this study explores the current development status,usage status and effectiveness of the childcare services for infants and young children aged 0-3 in China.It is found that firstly,the current development of childcare services mainly faces the problems of low accessibility as well as the difficulty and high cost of admission to childcare resulting from high prices;secondly,women with high salaries,high education and an upward trend in career development are the main group using childcare services,while safety,institutional reputation and family care burden are the three most important factors affecting their use of childcare services;and finally,promoting the accessibility,convenience and quality of childcare services and lowering the price of childcare services are conducive to increasing women’s fertility intention,and meanwhile childcare services are conducive to improving children’s living ability,cognitive and non-cognitive ability while having a certain negative impact on children’s health.Therefore,improving the accessibility of childcare services,reducing the cost of childcare services,and meanwhile increasing the diversity of services and ensuring the security of services are urgent issues that need to be addressed in building an inclusive childcare service system.