深度域属性分析技术在煤矿小断层识别中的应用研究

Application of Deep Domain Attribute Analysis Technology in Small Faults Identification of Coal Mines

现今,叠前深度偏移技术越来越广泛地被应用于煤田地震资料处理中,叠前深度偏移获得的深度域地震数据如何进行资料解释,以获得可靠的地震地质成果,也有待于更加深入研究以及更加广泛地试验。地震属性作为描述地层结构、构造异常的重要特征量,一直以来为地震资料的解释提供了重要的依据。本文主要围绕深度域地震属性分析展开探讨,并通过深度域属性与时间域属性对比分析,认为:①相干体属性、方差体属性、曲率体属性对于较大断层响应敏感,蚂蚁体属性对于小断层响应更加敏感;②基于叠前深度偏移深度域地震数据体对地下构造真实形态的反映,直接对深度域数据体进行属性分析相较于时间域属性分析具有更强的压噪能力,对断层反应更加精准,在构造复杂区域,深度域属性分析的优势更加明显;③深度域多属性融合分析可以降低噪声的干扰,提高信噪比,明显清晰复杂构造区域断层分布,有助于降低小断层漏解释的概率,减低小断层解释平面位置的偏离,有助于提高小断层解释的效率与精度。本次研究以淮南丁集矿某采区13-1煤为例,以巷道揭露资料为依据,验证了叠前深度偏移深度域属性分析的优势与可靠性,为今后的深度域地震资料小构造解释工作提供一定的指导。

With the ever wider application of prestack depth migration technology in coalfield seismic data processing,the depth domain data interpretation of prestack migration also needs to be further studied.As an important characteristic quantity to describe stratigraphic structure and structural anomalies,seismic attributes have always provided an important basis for the interpretation of seismic data.This paper mainly focuses on the analysis of seismic attributes in depth domain,and through the comparative analysis of depth domain attributes and time domain attributes,it is concluded that:①coherence volume attributes,variance volume attributes and curvature volume attributes are more sensitive to the response of large faults,and ant volume attributes are more sensitive to the response of small faults.②Based on the reflection of the depth domain seismic of prestack migration body on the true shape of the underground structure,the direct attribute analysis of the depth domain data body has stronger noise suppression ability than the time domain attribute analysis,and more accurate fault response.In the area with complex structure,the advantages of the depth domain attribute analysis are more obvious.③The depth domain multi-attribute fusion analysis can reduce the noise interference,improve the signal-to-noise ratio,clearly clear the fault distribution in the complex structure area,and help to reduce the probability of small fault missing interpretation,reduce the deviation of the plane position of small fault interpretation and improve the efficiency and accuracy of small fault interpretation.Taking 13-1 coal in a mining area of Huainan Dingji mine as an example,this paper verifies the advantages and reliability of depth domain attribute analysis of prestack migration data based on the tunnel exposure data,which provides a certain guidance for the small structure interpretation of depth domain seismic data in the future.