山地乡村人居环境系统韧性的空间分异机制与优化策略——以西藏昌都为例

Spatial Differentiation Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies of Mountainous Rural Human Settlements System Resilience:A Case Study of Changdu,Tibet

山地乡村人居环境具有人地矛盾突出、资源配置分散、生态环境脆弱等特征,是全面实现乡村振兴战略的重难点地区。以西藏昌都为例,基于人居环境系统与韧性理论,建立“自然—产业—社会—居住—支撑”的山地乡村人居环境系统韧性测度体系,借助耦合协调模型、障碍度诊断模型和地理加权回归模型(MGWR),解析系统韧性及其耦合协调度的空间分异机制,并提出不同要素驱动下各类村庄的系统韧性优化策略。结果表明:(1)昌都乡村人居环境系统普遍呈现低韧性水平,韧性高值区与高耦合协调区均集中于城区周边与河谷地带,总体呈现“点群式”分布特征;(2)居住条件与产业发展是山地乡村人居环境系统韧性及其耦合协调度空间分异的主要驱动因子;(3)针对“失调衰退型、转型提升型、协调发展型”村庄特征提出单系统驱动提升与多系统协调优化策略,为山地乡村振兴战略实施提供参考。

Mountainous rural human settlements are characterized by prominent human-land contradiction,scattered resource allocation and fragile ecological environment,and is a major difficulty in the comprehensive realization of rural revitalization strategy.Taking Changdu,Tibet as an example,based on the theory of human settlements system and resilience,this paper establishes the resilience measurement system of"nature-industry-society-residence-support"for mountainous rural human settlements system,analyzes the spatial variation mechanism of system resilience and its coupling coordination degree by means of coupled coordination model,obstacle diagnostic model and Multiscale Geographic Weighted Regression(MGWR),and proposes strategies for optimizing the system resilience of various types of villages driven by different factors.The results show that:(1)rural human settlements system in Changdu generally shows low resilience levels,with high resilience and high coupling coordination areas concentrated around urban areas and river valleys,and generally presents"point cluster"distribution characteristics.(2)Residential conditions and industrial development are the main driving forces of the spatial variation of resilience and coupling coordination of mountainous rural human settlements system.(3)For villages with characteristics of"dysfunctional and declining,transformation and upgrading,and coordinated development",this paper proposes a single-system driven upgrading and multi-system coordinated optimization strategy to provide a reference for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in mountainous areas.