晚清民国时期湖北省轧棉业发展探究

Development of Ginning Industry in Hubei Province during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

轧棉业即棉花加工业,它是提高现代棉业竞争力的关键环节,也是中国近现代民族工业的重要组成部分。湖北省现代轧棉业从1892年湖北省纺纱局附设的轧花厂设立开始,至新中国成立,发展历经50余年,具有阶段性特征。1892年至1933年为初期发展阶段,其主要特征是继官方创办后,商人群体逐渐成为推动湖北轧棉业发展的主力。1933年至1937年为转型阶段,在此阶段,国家权力介入轧棉业,湖北省建立多家大型机器轧花厂,在管理上,施行产销合作制度。抗战爆发后至新中国成立前为遭受浩劫和恢复阶段,这一时期湖北省轧棉业的发展遭受极大挫折,抗战胜利后,湖北省虽力图恢复1937年之前的生产规模,但由于金融危机及军事等因素,成效未著。湖北省轧棉业的发展是内地轧棉业发展的典型代表,其历史沿革揭示了轧棉新技术和新制度在内地的适应性及存在的问题。

Cotton ginning industry is an important part for improving the competitiveness of cotton industry.In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,Hubei province was the most important cotton producing province in Chinese Mainland,Hubei cotton ginning has gone through three stages.From the founding of the late Qing Dynasty to 1933,Merchants are the major force to promote the development of Cotton gin industry in Hubei Province.In 1933,the state and local authorities intervened in the cotton gin industry.In terms of production technology,Hubei province made great efforts to introduce the world's most advanced ginning technology.Production and marketing cooperation were implemented in terms of management system.From the outbreak of the war of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression to the founding of the People's Republic of China,the development of cotton ginning in Hubei was greatly weakened.Although Hubei province tried to restore the development model and scale before 1937 after the war of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,it failed due to the financial crisis and civil war.The development of cotton ginning in Hubei province is the representative of the development of cotton ginning in Chinese mainland.The process reveals the adaptability and problems of new technology and new system in Chinese mainland.