摘要
石墨烯纳米带是宽度为纳米尺度的石墨烯条带,根据其边缘构型的不同可以分为锯齿型石墨烯纳米带和扶手型石墨烯纳米带.纳米尺度导致的量子限域效应和边缘构型引起的边缘效应能够调节石墨烯纳米带的电子结构,打开石墨烯的带隙.而且,石墨烯纳米带具有极大的长宽比和极高比例的边缘原子,为通过结构裁剪实现功能定制提供了无限可能.这些几何和电子结构特性使得石墨烯纳米带在电子器件等诸多领域比石墨烯具有更大的应用潜力,因此,石墨烯纳米带的相关研究一直是纳米材料领域的热点.基于此,本综述首先介绍了石墨烯纳米带的结构和性质,全面介绍了石墨烯纳米带的制备方法,相应的制备方法可以分为两部分:(1)自上而下法:通过等离子体、离子束、扫描隧道显微镜和金属纳米颗粒对石墨烯和碳纳米管进行刻蚀和切割,制备石墨烯纳米带.该方法面临最大挑战在于如何提高刻蚀和切割精度.(2)自下而上法:利用含碳前驱体,如有机化合物、碳氢化合物气体以及碳化硅等,制备石墨烯纳米带.该方法利于实现原子精度的结构控制,尤其是化学气相沉积法有望实现低成本、规模化制备.最后展望石墨烯纳米带研究的挑战和前景.我们相信,随着材料和技术的创新发展,石墨烯纳米带必将成为一种具有巨大应用潜力的新型功能材料.
Graphene nanoribbons(GNRs)are the ribbons of graphene with a width of nanoscale.According to the different edge configurations,the GNRs can be classified into Zigzag-edge graphene nanoribbons(ZGNRs)and Armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons(AGNRs),strongly affecting electronic structure and properties of GNRs.The triggered quantum confinement and edge effects by rationalizing the structural design can open the bandgap of GNRs.Besides,GNRs have huge length-to-width ratio and proportion of edge atoms,which provide infinite possibilities for realizing functional customization through structure tailoring.These geometric and electronic structural properties make graphene nanoribbons have more application potential than graphene in many fields such as electronic devices.Therefore,the related research of graphene nanoribbons has been a hot spot in the field of nanomaterials.This review introduces the structures and properties of graphene nanoribbons firstly,and then provides a comprehensive picture of the preparation approaches of GNRs,and the corresponding preparation methods can be divided into two parts:(1)Top-down categories:The GNRs are obtained by the etching and cutting of graphene,as well as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),with utilizing the plasma,ion beam,scanning tunneling microscope and metal nanoparticles.However,these methods are still in the stage of laboratory research,and fabrication of high quality GNRs is difficult because of lacking the processing accuracy.(2)Bottom-up categories:The GNRs can be synthesized using carbon containing precursors,e.g.organic compounds,hydrocarbon gas and SiC.The bottom-up method facilitates to prepare several nanometers-width GNRs with a certain degree of controllability,among which ultra-narrow GNRs can be fabricated using organic synthesis,and the chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method is expected to achieve the industrial production of high-quality GNRs with low-cost preparation.Finally,we discuss the challenges and prospects of the research of GNRs.We believe that GNRs will become a new structural and functional material with great application potential in numerous fields,as is catalyzed by innovative development of materials and techniques.
作者
宁聪聪
杨倩
毛阿敏
唐梓嘉
金燕
胡宝山
Ning Congcong;Yang Qian;Mao Amin;Tang Zijia;Jin Yan;Hu Baoshan(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331;School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331)
出处
《化学学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期406-419,共14页
Acta Chimica Sinica
基金
重庆市教委科技攻关项目(KJZD-M202000102)
国家自然科学基金(22005040)
中央高校科研业务专项基金(2021CDJQY-005)资助。
关键词
石墨烯纳米带
制备
结构
性质
功能化
graphene nanoribbons
preparation
structure
property
functionalization